Summary notes for CIE IGCSE Biology Topic 14: Organic chemistry
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Course
Chemistry
Institution
GCSE
Complete revision notes for Topic 14 of the CIE IGCSE Chemistry course: Organic chemistry. Explanations with diagrams for every specification point. These notes are written for candidates taking the Extended paper.
Organic Chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of
organic compounds. Organic compounds are those which contain carbon.
For conventional reasons metal carbonates, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
are not included in organic compounds.
Structure reminder:
Name and draw the structures of methane, ethane, ethene, ethanol, ethanoic acid and the
products of the reactions stated in sections 14.4–14.6
State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in -ane, -ene, -ol, or -oic
acid or a molecular structure
The names of organic compounds have two parts: the prefix or stem and the end part (or
suffix).
The prefix tells you how many carbon atoms are present in the longest continuous chain in
the compound.
Name Number of carbon atoms
Meth… 1
Eth… 2
Prop… 3
But… 4
, Pent… 5
Hex… 6
The suffix tells you what functional group is on the compound:
Name Functional group Family
…ane None Alkane
…ene C=C bond Alkene
…anol R-OH Alcohol
…anoic acid R-C=O-OH Carboxylic acid
…amine R-NH2 Amine
…yl …anoate R-C=O-O-R Ester
Name and draw the structures of the unbranched alkanes, alkenes (not cis-trans), alcohols
and acids containing up to four carbon atoms per molecule
Alkanes:
Alkenes:
,Alcohols:
Carboxylic acids:
, Esters:
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