Summary
Summary Respiratory Core Conditions
- Course
- Institution
A condensed summary of the respiratory core conditions for the Leeds MBChB year 3 syllabus
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
medicsummaries
Reviews received
Content preview
RESPIRATORY CORE CONDITIONS SUMMARYCondition Summary Epidemiology Pathophysiology Prognosis Aetiology Risk Factors S/S Investigations DDs Treatment Complications
SABA PRN;
Very good if well
Chronic, Trigger leads to the release of corticosteroids
controlled; may Genetic factors; Recent URTI; FEV1/FVC ratio; Exacerbation; airway
intermittent inflammatory mediators, causing CF; chronic rhinitis/ (beclometasone,
see a decline in environmental dyspnoea; cough; PEFR; CXR; FBC; remodelling; airway
Asthma inflammation of the Very common inflammation; products of the
lung function triggers (allergen,
FHx; allergy; atopy
expiratory wheeze; immunoassay for
sinusitis; COPD; PE; prednisolone);
candidiasis from
airway causing inflammatory response induce bronchiectasis; CCF leukotriene-receptor
with severe virus, chemicals) nasal polyposis allergen-specific IgE chronic ICS use
obstruction smooth muscle contraction antagonist
asthma (montelukast)
Chronic narrowing and BODE index
Chronic, Cough; SOB; barrel Cor pulmonale;
remodelling of the airways with for prognosis; Asthma; CCF; lung Smoking cessation;
COPD progressive airway enlargement of mucus-secreting key factors are Smoking; chest; hyper-resonance Spirometry; pulse cancer; chronic SABA PRN; Abx; recurrent pneumonia;
inflammation Adults Smoking; age; on percussion; poor air oximetry; ABGs; depression; anaemia;
(chronic obstructive M>F
glands causing increased airway smoking occupational
genetic factors flow on auscultation; CXR; FBC; ECG;
sinusitis; GORD; prednisolone; airway
pneumothorax;
resistance; expiratory flow cessation and exposure bronchiectasis; TB; clearance techniques;
pulmonary disease) (emphysema + limitation promotes hyperinflation need for
wheeze; asterixis; sputum culture bronchiolitis O2 therapy respiratory failure;
chronic bronchitis) cyanosis; clubbing polycythaemia
and subsequent hypoxia additional O2
Carcinoma of the Cough; dyspnoea;
Smoking; FHx; CXR; CT chest; SCLC; metastatic
Lung cancer lung, originating in
M>F Smoking-related endothelial environmental
haemoptysis; chest
sputum culture; cancer; pneumonia;
Post-operative
non-small cells Generally poor; Smoking; pain; weight loss; Chemotherapy; pneumonia; SVC
(non-small cell (adenocarcinoma
85% of lung injury, arising in the central lung related to stage radon exposure tobacco exposure fatigue; wheeze; rales; bronchoscopy; FBC; bronchitis; TB; radiotherapy; surgery syndrome; para-
cancer with mediastinal involvement COPD; age; radon thoracocentesis; sarcoidosis;
carcinoma) + SCC + large cell
exposure
quiet breath sounds;
lung function test lymphoma; RA
neoplastic syndrome
carcinoma) dullness on percussion
Cough; dyspnoea;
CXR; CT chest; NSCLC; metastatic Post-operative
haemoptysis; chest
Lung cancer Carcinoma of the M>F Smoking-related endothelial Generally poor; Smoking, sputum culture; cancer; pneumonia; pneumonia; SCV
Smoking; pain; weight loss; Chemotherapy;
lung, originating in 15% of lung injury, arising in the central lung 5y survival environmental bronchoscopy; FBC; bronchitis; TB; syndrome; para-
(small cell carcinoma) radon exposure fatigue; wheeze; rales; radiotherapy; surgery
small cells cancer with mediastinal involvement <25% tobacco exposure thoracocentesis; sarcoidosis; neoplastic syndrome;
quiet breath sounds;
lung function test lymphoma; RA haemoptysis
dullness on percussion
Embolic pulmonary vasculature Poor if not
Age; DVT; recent Pleuritic chest pain; Unstable angina; MI; Acute bleeding;
obstruction increases vascular treated quickly;
Embolism of a surgery or trauma; dyspnoea; tachypnoea; Well’s score; D- CAP; panic attack; Thrombolysis; anti- recurrent VTE;
resistance, increasing RV mortality is
PE thrombus from a hospitalisation; syncope; hypotension; dimer; CTPA; V/Q COPD exacerbation; coagulation; IV fluids; pulmonary infarction;
Elderly workload; compensatory dilation usually due to
deep vein, lodging Virchow’s triad previous VTE; active cough; tachycardia; scan; coagulation pericarditis; cardiac respiratory support; cardiac arrest;
(pulmonary embolism) M≳F of the RV leads to ↓RV output, cardiogenic
in the pleural cancer; pregnancy; pyrexia; unilateral calf studies; FBC; BNP; tamponade; embolectomy; IVC pulmonary HTN;
which decreases LV pre-load, shock,
vasculature recent long-haul swelling; haemoptysis; CXR; ECG; ABG pneumothorax; filter Heparin-associated
resulting in ↓LV filling, ↓CO, secondary to
travel elevated JVP costochondritis thrombocytopenia
hypotension and shock RV collapse
Exudative (local):
Imbalance between pulmonary
pneumonia, PE, RA, Dyspnoea; dullness on Light’s criteria for
fluid production and removal; Atelectasis; lobar
Accumulation of empyema, percussion; pleuritic exudative vs.
exudative fluid (high protein) from Poor prognosis CCF; pneumonia; Pleural thickening; Diuretic (furosemide); collapse; pleural
fluid in the pleural malignancy, SLE chest pain; reduced transudative; CXR;
Pleural effusion space (exudative Related to cause infection, infarction or tumour if malignancy-
Transudative
malignancy; recent breath sounds and pleural USS; pleural
pneumothorax; thoracocentesis; O2; fibrosis; re-expansion
and transudative fluid (low related CABG consolidation Abx; physiotherapy pulmonary oedema;
or transudative) (systemic): cirrhosis, tactile vocal fremitus; fluid sample; FBC;
protein) from heart failure, pneumothorax
ascites, sarcoidosis, cough CRP; CT chest
cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome
CCF, renal disease
Strep. pneumoniae
Determined by CXR; FBC; U&Es;
Lung infection with Adults Invasion and overgrowth of a Age; COPD; Cough with increasing Acute bronchitis;
Pneumonia, consolidation that LRTIs are most pathogen in the lung parenchyma age,
+ H. influenzae, smoking; alcohol; sputum; fever; LFTs; CRP; ABGs; CCF; COPD Septic shock; ARDS;
comorbidities, procalcitonin; blood Abx; supportive care; Abx-associated C.
community-acquired is acquired outside deadly infectious that overwhelms host defences
and the setting
Staph. aureus, poor oral hygiene; confusion; dyspnoea;
glucose; blood/
exacerbation; lung
corticosteroids difficile colitis; heart
of healthcare disease and produces intra-alveolar Pseudomonas PPI use; DM; CKD; pleuritic pain; abnormal cancer/metastases;
(CAP) facilities M>F exudates where Abx are
aeruginosa, GAS, chronic liver disease ausculatory findings sputum cultures; empyema failure
given bronchoscopy
viruses
Pseudomonas Poor infection Productive cough with
Lung infection with Adults Aspiration of oropharyngeal ARDS; cardiogenic Empyema; lung
Pneumonia, hospital consolidation that M>F secretions (most commonly),
Mortality is high; aeruginosa, E. coli, control; intubation thick yellow/green CXR; FBC; O2
pulmonary oedema;
Before culture results:
abscess; SIRS; C.
many die from Klebsiella sp., and mechanical sputum; dyspnoea; saturations; sputum empirical Abx
acquired is acquired ≥48hrs haematogenous spread from an the underlying MRSA, MDRs ventilation; head of pleuritic pain; abnormal culture; ABGs; CRP; pleural effusion; PE;
After culture results: diff colitis; sepsis;
of admission to Extends admission infected IV catheter, translocation atelectasis; lung multi-organ failure;
(HAP) hospital by 7-11 days from the GIT, direct inoculation
cause (common in ICU), bed <30o; poor oral auscultatory findings; procalcitonin
cancer
directed Abx
PE; lung infarction
Strep. pneumoniae hygiene tachycardia; fever
www.medicsummaries.com
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller medicsummaries. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $3.90. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now