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Summary Vascular Core Conditions
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A condensed summary of the vascular core conditions for the Leeds MBChB year 3 syllabus
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VASCULAR CORE CONDITIONS SUMMARYCondition Summary Epidemiology Pathophysiology Prognosis Aetiology Risk Factors S/S Investigations DDs Treatment Complications
Smoking; M Resuscitation;
Palpable, Diverticulitis; Abdominal compartment
Permanent Intimal atherosclerosis (prevalence); F surgical repair;
AAA pathological dilation
Obliteration of collagen and elastin Good prognosis
and altered tissue (rupture);
pulsatile ureteric colic;
perioperative Abx;
syndrome; ileus; obstruction; AKI;
Prevalence M>F in tunica media/adventitia; smooth with repair; very abdominal Abdominal USS; IBS; IBD; post-implantation syndrome;
(abdominal of the abdominal
Rupture M<F muscle cell loss; infiltration of high mortality metalloproteinases that congenital/ mass; CTA appendicitis; pre-operative spinal cord ischaemia; impaired
aorta (>90% originate diminish the integrity of connective tissue cardiovascular risk
aortic aneurysm) below renal arteries)
lymphocytes and macrophages a/w rupture
the arterial wall disorders;
abdominal, back ovarian torsion;
reduction;
sexual function; graft infection;
or groin pain GI haemorrhage gastric outlet obstruction
atherosclerosis surveillance
LA thrombus in Embolectomy; local
Thrombus formation is due to Ischaemia can patients with AF; mural thrombolysis; Medication-induced
Embolic occlusion of HTN; Hand-held doppler
Virchow’s triad; acute limb cause extensive thrombus after MI; heparin; analgesia; haemorrhage; amputation;
Femoral a patent/partially hypercoagulability; 6Ps; fixed USS; FBC; ESR;
Adults ischaemia most often due to tissue necrosis aneurysm (aortic or fasciotomy; low- reperfusion syndrome;
occluded femoral hyperlipidaemia; mottling of the glucose; lipids; DVT; PAD
embolism M≤F thrombotic occlusion of a within 6hrs; femoral); proximal dose clopidogrel/ compartment syndrome; acidosis;
artery causing acute DM; smoking; skin ECG; clotting;
previously partially occluded artery mortality a/w this atheromatous stenosis; aspirin; ACEi; statins; hyperkalaemia; myoglobinaemia;
limb ischaemia obesity; CVD arteriography; echo
or embolism from a distant site is high malignant tumour; reduction of CVD peripheral nerve injury
foreign body risks
Spinal stenosis; Urgent assessment;
Smoking; DM; Asymptomatic; arthritis; venous revascularisation;
Syndromes of HTN; 6Ps; intermittent
Damage, inflammation and Poor with claudication; intra-arterial
PAD atherosclerotic structural defects of blood ischaemia; rapid Atherosclerosis; aortic hyperlipidaemia; claudication; ABPI; doppler; chronic thrombolysis; Leg/foot ulcers; gangrene;
obstruction of lower Hx of CVD/ thigh/buttock angiography; CTA; permanent limb weakness/
(peripheral limb arteries;
Adults vessels; atherosclerosis, ABPI coarctation; arterial
cerebrovascular pain on walking; Buerger’s and/or
compartment amputation;
numbness; permanent limb pain;
degenerative disease and deterioration has tumour/dissection syndrome; antiplatelet therapy;
arterial disease) characterised using dysplastic disorders poorer prognosis disease; lack of diminished Trendelenburg’s test Baker’s cyst; analgesia; amputation
Fontaine stages exercise; pulse; erectile nerve root anticoagulation; risk
Virchow’s triad dysfunction compression factor modification
Failure of venous valves or muscle
Resolution of Previous DVT; genetics; Dilated tortuous Graded compression
Permanently dilated pumps, causing HTN and Increased parity; Chronic venous insufficiency;
symptoms is very valve incompetence; veins; leg fatigue stockings; ablative
sub-cutaneous veins Elderly insufficiency; proliferation of DVT; occupation Telangiectasia; haemorrhage; venous ulceration;
Varicose veins (≥3mm diameter on M<F collagen matrices/decreased common, but oestrogen/ with prolonged with prolonged Duplex USS reticular veins procedures; lipodermatosclerosis;
recurrence is progesterone standing; cramp; phlebotomy or
standing) elastin, leading to disruption and standing; obesity haemosiderin deposition
likely (indirectly) restless legs sclerotherapy
distortion of muscle fibres
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