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IgE - ️️type 1 hypersensitivity -IgE antibodies act by cross-linking Fcε receptors on surfaces of immune cells -Ig's not harmful by themselves; low levels in circulation -Harm comes from interactions with Fcε receptors on effector cells -*Effector cells release granules* -*Granules con...

The immune response to a particular pathogen is tailored to the type of organism involved depends on: - ️️1. The structure of the pathogen 2. Location ( intra/extracellular) What is the basic model for immunity? - ️️Antigen--> Entrance into body --> recognition--> effector respo...

tumor suppressor genes - ️️A gene whose protein product inhibits cell division, thereby preventing the uncontrolled cell growth that contributes to cancer (P53, proapoptotic genes). Hallmarks of Cancer - ️️1. Sustaining proliferative signaling 2. Evading growth suppressors 3. Activating ...

Vaccines - ️️1) Basic research and rational design advance vaccine development 2) Vaccine development begins with basic research to discover immunogens - Useful immunogens are those from the pathogen that can be recognized by B and T cells 3) Delineation of the specific immune targets or cor...

Which proteins are encoded by complex II? - ️️each gene encodes 1 alpha chain and 1 beta chain (two letters, two gene products) - HLA-DP - HLP-DQ - HLP-DR In general, what is the process of antigen presentation? - ️️1. pathogen protein in a human cell 2. antigen processing by breakdow...