PASS the CCRN Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update

A 52-year-old man returns to the hospital 2 weeks after being discharged from an admission for upper gastrointestinal bleed. He has been vomiting bright red blood for the past 24 hours. Laboratory parameters reveal a hemoglobin of 6 g/dL and a hematocrit of 20%. Vital signs are blood pressure ...

measure of the number of particles in a solution; expressed as milliosmoles -:- serum osmolality (osmolality of body fluids) what is the normal osmolality of body fluids? -:- 275-295 mOsm/kg (hypo-osmolar <275 hyper-osmolar >295) true or false: cell membranes are permeable to water,...

Heart rate (HR) -:- 60-100 beats/min Mean arterial pressure (MAP) -:- 70-105 mmHg Cardiac output (CO) -:- 4-5 L/min Cardiac index (CI) -:- 2.5-4.5 L/min/m2 Stroke volume (SV) -:- 50-100 ml/beat Stroke index (SI) 2 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 Excel! 2 0 2 4 /2025...

Heart rate x stroke volume =? -:- cardiac output Stroke volume is dependent on what three concepts? -:- preload, contractility, and after load PAOP is a measure of which ventricle? -:- left CVP and PAOP are a measure of preload or after load? -:- preload SVR measures which ventricle? -...

The Skin -:- The largest organ system Comprises 10-15% of body weight receives 1/3 of circulating blood volume Primary functions: protective barrier, water balance, body temperature control. Pressure Injury -:- A localized injury to the skin that usually occurs over a bony prominence ...

What is one of the key clinical differences between acute and chronic hepatic failure? -:- Acute there will not be portal hypertension What is the most common cause of acute hepatic failure? -:- DILI (drug-induced)- most commonly by acetaminophen Labs indicative of acute hepatic failure: 1.) ...

Cardiac output equation -:- CO = HR x SV Components of stroke volume -:- Preload Afterload Contractility Preload components -:- CVP (right ventricular) - central venous pressure PAOP (left ventricular) - pulmonary artery occlusive pressure Afterload components -:- PVR (right ventricu...

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is being admitted with dehydration and a serum glucose level of 836 mg/dL. Which of the following additional laboratory findings should the nurse anticipate? a. decreased BUN, decreased creatinine, and elevated serum osmolality b. elevated B...

Closed head injury. When nurse stimulates her, the child flexes her arms, clenches her fists, and extends her legs. which of the following is accurate? a. Child is demonstrating decorticate posturing which indicates cerebral damage. b. Child is demonstrating decorticate posturing which indicate...

Which of the following would be the earliest auscultatory finding in left ventricular failure (LVF)? A. Crackles B. S3 C. Murmur of mitral regurgitation D. Pericardial friction rub -:- B. S3 LVF would be the most subtle because early changes are usually subtle changes. Choose "S3." A p...

A 56 yr-old male is admitted to the ICU with a blood pressure of 225/135 and complains of a headache and nausea. He reports he ran out of blood pressure meds three days ago, but also appears to be confused to the date and situation. What is the most appropriate treatment approach? -:- Rapidl...

What is vasogenic cerebral edema? -:- Vasogenic cerebral edema is an increase in extracellular fluid caused by a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier with the resultant increase in vascular permeability. This cerebral edema begins locally and becomes more generalized. Common causes are traum...

What does SIRS stand for? -:- Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Key characteristics of Endotheliopathy -:- • Capillary leak • Vasomotor paralysis tone of vessels not normal • Leukocyte infiltrations • Coagulopathy • Myocardial depression • Immune-compromise Patient Qua...

AACN Synergy Model - Patient Characteristics -:- resiliency, vulnerability, stability, complexity, resource availability, participation in care, participation in decision making, predictability 5 levels within each characteristic AACN Synergy Model - Nurse Characteristics -:- clinical judgem...

A patient presents with labored breathing and an RR of 40 beats per minute (bpm). The following ABG is obtained: PaO2 68 PaCO2 50 pH 7.34 SaO2 91% HCO3 22 Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the above situation? A. Normal ABG for COPD patient B. Respiratory fail...