AQA A-Level biology Package deal 1

What are the 2 main types of organism? Eukaryotes and prokaryotes What cells are eukaryotic? Animal, plant, algal, fungal Name the 11 organelles in an animal cell 1. Cell surface membrane 2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 4. Lysosome 5. Ribosome 6. Golgi apparatus...

What is a dominant allele? Allele which is always expressed in the phenotype even when theres only one copy of it What are recessive alleles? Alleges that only appear in the phenotype if 2 copies are present What are codominant alleles? Alleles that are both expressed in the phenotype because ne...

How do biological molecules provide evidence for evolution? They all have similar molecules and use the same amino acids and DNA. What are monomers of carbohydrates called? Monosaccharides. Beta Glucose Alpha glucose Glucose formula C₆H₁₂O₆ Name of the bond between monosaccharides? ...

What is a stimulus? A change in the environment of an organism What is a tactic response? Directional movement in response to a stimulus What is a kinetic response? Non directional random movement in response to a stimulus What is a positive and negative taxis? Positive taxis- organism moves towa...

What are monomers? Monomers are *small units* which are the components of larger molecules. What are polymers? Polymers are molecules made from *many monomers* joined together. What are examples of monomers? *Monosaccharides, amino acids* and *nucleotides* What are examples of polymers? *Polysac...

Monomers Small basic molecular units Examples of monomers monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides Polymers Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together Examples of polymers Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids What type of sugar is glucose? Hexose How ma...

Amino Acid A monomer that will join with other amino acids to form a protein Dipeptide Two amino acids bonded together via a peptide bond Polypeptide Many amino acids bonded together via peptide bonds Protein A combination of polypeptides Amine Group -NH2, a basic group where the amino part of a...

Define variation Differences that exist between individuals In what ways can variation be caused? It can be caused by genetic factors, such as alleles from mutations. It can also be caused by the environment, such as climate. Most variation is caused by a combination of genetic factors and envir...

Smaller organisms have a ........... surface area to volume ratio Higher How do single called organisms exchange substances? Diffuse directly into or out of the cell across the cell surface membrane Give 2 reasons why in multicellular organisms, diffusion across outer membrane would be too slow?...