ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Earthquakes occur due to sudden movements of earth’’s crust. It causes the violent, short-term vibrations in the earth. The point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake is called the epicenter. The severity of an earthquake is generally measured by its magnitude on Richt...

P R E P A R D N E S S A N D M I T I G A T I O N M E A S U R E S Contacting the nearest government help is the first step from the community’s side. While help comes, all windows and doors have to be closed so that the fire won’t receive oxygen to grow, however they shouldn’t be locked a...

Many factors accrue to make a country one of the best when it comes to managing risks and disasters. For many years, the European Union (EU) and the United States have claimed leadership in disaster management. Even so, it is apparent that other countries like China, Canada, Netherlands, and Austral...

Introduction The effects of human activity on the environment have caused increasing concern since the 1970s, and international policy frameworks have been developed and implemented over the past thirty years to control and mitigate this impact. However, society now faces dynamic global environm...

Purpose 1. The purpose of this chapter is to outline major factors which apply to disaster legislation. The chapter covers the following: • need for and value of legislation; • main areas covered by legislation, using a first draft as an illustration; and • examples of existing legislat...

Disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid, the potential losses from hazards, assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery. Disaster Risk Management includes sum total of all activities, programmes and measures which can be taken up ...

Contents 1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ________________________________________________________ 6 1.1. AIR POLLUTION _______________________________________________________________________ 6 1.1.1. Air Pollution in India: Status _________________________________________________________________ 6 1....

Nepal’s rich cultural and natural heritage – the basis of a flourishing tourism industry that contributes 8% to the country’s GDP – suffered heavily during the Gorkha earthquake that shook the country in April 2015. Recovery was challenged by a political-economic crisis that hampered mobilit...

1 Introduction to Environment 1 2 Natural Resources 29 3 Environmental Pollution – A Pressing Issue 59 Case Studies 1 to 3 103 4 Solid Waste Management 111 5 Hazardous Waste Management 133 6 Social Issues and the Environment 159 Case Studies 4 to 6 193 7 Environmental Ethics – Issu...

Pollution 1-26 2. Climate Change 27-46 3. Forest Conservation 47-63 4. Desertification 64-69 5. Biodiversity Conservation 70-86 6. Environmental Impact Assessment 87-92 7. Disaster Management 93-151 Previous Years’ UPSC Questions (Solved) 152-174 Practice Questions 175 Pollution Chapter ...

Table of Contents 1. BIOSPHERE AND WORKING OF ECOSYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 2 1.1. Biosphere ..............................................................................................................................