NR 602 Final Exam Study Guide Solutions
primary dysmenorrhea - ANSWER✔✔-- release of prostaglandins during
ovulatory cycles and produces painful menstruation (more flow=more
pain)(no ovulation, no pain)
-Sx within 48 hours
- Tx: NSAIDs
secondary dymenorrhea - ANSWER✔✔-- R/t structual changes
(endometriosis, PCOS, fibroids, inflammatory disease)
PCOS (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) - ANSWER✔✔--persistent anovulation
-sx: obesity, anovulatory cycles, ovarian cysts, hyperandrogenism, male-
pattern baldness, acne, high insulin levels, insulin resistance, menstrual
irregularities, high LH, low FSH, secondary amenorrhea, infertility, obesity
- Cause: ? genetics.
- Tx: wt loss, OCPs, spironolactone, metformin (as DM preventative &
improve fertility). Clomiphene citrate (estrogen receptor modulator), or
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,human menopausal gonadotropin to produce ovulation(when desiring
pregnancy)
Bartholin's cysts - ANSWER✔✔-- 2 glands provide lubrication during sex,
8-10mm in size, not normally palpable
- sx: dyspareunia, pain,
-tx: if chronic, may require surgery, noninfectious: sitz bath, needle-
aspiration. may resolve spontaneously
- chlamydia, gonorrhea, staph,
Fibroadenoma - ANSWER✔✔-- most common benign breast tumor
-circumscribed lesion, solid, non-cancerous, painless, slow-growing,
hormone dependent, regress after menopause, relatively moveable, non-
tender
-proliferating glandular and connective elements
-giant lumps may occur
- 15-35yo
-Dx: Core biopsy or excision (definitive dx). cryoablation after dx.
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, - does not increase risk for brease CA
fibrocystic breast disease - ANSWER✔✔--numerous small sacs of fluid
surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast
- >50% of women have
- -tx: avoid caffeine, supportive bra, low-fat diet, evening primrose oil,
NSAIDs/APAP, tamoxifen if severe
Fat necrosis of the breast - ANSWER✔✔-- necrotic fat cells with lipid-filled
macrophages and neutrophils
- Sx: skin/nipple retraction, mass that is indistinguishable from cancer,
tenderness (sometimes)
- mass ususally resolves after several weeks w/o treatment- if not, need
biopsy
- r/t trauma/surgery of breast
Breast cancer - ANSWER✔✔--risk: family hx, white, nulliparous, first
pregnancy after 30yo, early menarche (before 12), late menopause (after
50),
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