Chapter 23: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance.
Exam Questions With Verified And Updated
Answers
What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances?
a.
Decreased surface area
b.
Lower metabolic rate
c.
Immature kidney functioning
d.
Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid - answer✔ANS: C
The infant's kidneys are functionally immature at birth and are inefficient in excreting waste
products of metabolism. Infants have a relatively high body surface area (BSA) compared with
adults. This allows a higher loss of fluid to the environment. A higher metabolic rate is present
as a result of the higher BSA in relation to active metabolic tissue. The higher metabolic rate
increases heat production, which results in greater insensible water loss. Infants have a greater
exchange of extracellular fluid, leaving them with a reduced fluid reserve in conditions of
dehydration.
What is the required number of milliliters of fluid needed per day for a 14 kg child?
a.
800
b.
1400 - answer✔ANS: C
For the first 10 kg of body weight, a child requires 100 mL/kg. For each additional kilogram of
body weight, an extra 50 mL is needed.
10 kg ´ 100 mL/kg/day = 1000 mL
4 kg ´ 50 mL/kg/day = 200 mL
1000 mL + 200 mL = 1200 ml/day
800 to 1000 mL is too little; 1400 mL is too much.
An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following clinical manifestations:
poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which
situation?
a.
Water excess
b.
Sodium excess
c.
Water depletion
d.
Potassium excess - answer✔ANS: C
These clinical manifestations indicate water depletion or dehydration. Edema and weight gain
occur with water excess or overhydration. Sodium or potassium excess would not cause these
symptoms.
What laboratory finding should the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water?
a.
Decreased hematocrit
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