Chapter 20: Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
Exam Questions With Verified And Updated
Answers
- Approximately what percentage of an average person's body is water? - answer✔The average
person's body is about 50-60%water
Cellular function requires a fluid medium with a homeostatic balance (3) - answer✔1. *Water*,
in which daily water intake and loss are equal
2. *Elctrolyte* in which the amount of electrolytes absorbed by the small intestine balance the
amount lost from the body, mainly through the urine
3. *Acid-base* in which the body rids itself of acid (H+ ions) at a rate that balances its metabolic
production, maintaining a stable pH
How is water compartmentalized in the body? - answer✔Compartments in which water is
found include
1. 65% in intracellular fluid (ICF) within cells
2. 35% in extracellular fluid (ECF) which includes
a. 25% Intestinal fluid around cells
b. 8% blood plasma and lymph
c. 2% Transcellular fluid, such as cerebrospinal, synovial, serous, vitreous & aqueous humors,
bile, and fluids in the GI, urinary, and respiratory tracts
- How is water balance maintained in the body?
A person is in a state of *water balance* when daily water intake/losses are equal - answer✔1.
Water gains come mainly from ingested water, in addition to a small amount of water from
cellular respiration
2. Water is lost mainly in urine, as well as from feces, expired breath, and sweat through the
skin
3. ADH(vasopressin) can cause a significant water loss
4. Intravenous (IV)Fluids may be needed to replace water loss
- To what signals of dehydration does the thirst center in the hypothalamus respond? How is
thirst satiated?
Fluid intake is regulated by the *thirst center* in hypothalamus - answer✔The hypothalamus
responds to signs of *Dehydration* such as
a. *Angiostein II*, produced in response to falling blood pressure
b. *Decreased atrial stretch*, due to low blood volume
c. Signals from *Osmoreceptor neurons in the hypothalamus* that monitor blood osmolarity
d. *ADH (vassopressin)*, is synthesized and released in response to rising blood osmolarity
e. ADH stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubules
Thirst is stimulated and satiated by
a. Sympathetic signals
b. Short term satiation
c. Long-term satiation - answer✔a. The thirst center sends sympathetic signals to the salivary
glands to inhibit Salivation
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