ERHS 502 Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2024/2025
What is Toxicology? - ANSWERSThe study of adverse effects of agents on living organisms
What is a Toxin? - ANSWERSA toxic substance produced naturally
What is a Toxicant - ANSWERSA toxic substance produced by humans or is a by-product of huma...
What is Toxicology? - ANSWERSThe study of adverse effects of agents on living organisms
What is a Toxin? - ANSWERSA toxic substance produced naturally
What is a Toxicant - ANSWERSA toxic substance produced by humans or is a by-product of human-made
activities
What is an example of a Toxin: - ANSWERSSnake Venom Toxin
What is an example of a Toxicant: - ANSWERSBenzene (Carcinogen), Pesticides, Antifreeze (Ethylene
Glycol)
How can a chemical be classified? - ANSWERS- The organ it targets (hepatotoxicant, neurotoxicant)
- What it is used for (biocide, solvent)
- Adverse Effect (carcinogen)
- Physical State
- Toxic Potency
- Mechanism of Action (inhibitor, channel)
- Structure/Chemical Type (organophosphate, metal)
- What source it comes from (air, water, food)
What is a Xenobiotic Chemcial? - ANSWERSAny chemical that is foreign to the body
What is an Endogenous Chemcial? - ANSWERSAny chemical that is made in the body
,T/F: Endogenous Chemicals are never toxic. - ANSWERSFalse, naturally occurring chemicals made in the
body can be as toxic as anthropogenic chemicals
Who was Paracelsus? - ANSWERSThe "Father of Toxicology"
- The dose makes the poison
What is the EPA? - ANSWERSU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Helps protect the environment
What is the FDA? - ANSWERSU.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Helps protect public health
What is the CDC? - ANSWERSCenters for Disease Control and Prevention
- Helps protect against infectious diseases
What is OSHA? - ANSWERSOccupational Safety and Health Administration
-Helps ensure safe and healthly working conditions for workers
What is a Hazard? - ANSWERSThe ability to cause an adverse effect
What is Risk? - ANSWERSThe probability of an adverse effect to occur under specific use or exposure
conditions
What is Dose Response? - ANSWERSThe amount of an agent required for their to be a response
What are three assumptions of Dose-Response Relationship? - ANSWERS1. There is a specific target site
for the agent to interact with, resulting in the initiation of a response
2. The severity of the response relates to the concentration of agent at the target site
3. The concentration at the target site is related to the dose administered
, What are four characteristics of the Dose-Response Relationship? - ANSWERS1. All substances are
poisons, but the dose determines if the substance is a remedy or pathology
2. The physiological analysis of organic systems is done using the aid of toxic substances
3. All chemicals act in the body according to basically laws of physics an chemistry
4. A chemical must make contact with a cell to be toxic
What are the two characteristics of exposure that influence dose? - ANSWERS1. Route of Exposure
2. Duration of Exposure
Why is route of exposure important? - ANSWERSIt can lead to different outcomes
- Ex. Snake Venom
- Ingested = harmless
- injected = toxic
What are examples of Routes of Exposure? - ANSWERSInhalation, Ingestion, Subcutaneous, Dermal
What are the four Durations/Frequencies of Exposure - ANSWERSAcute = exposure for < 24 hours,
usually a single exposure
Subacute = exposure for 24 hours - 1 month, multiple or continuous exposures
Subchronic = exposure for 1 - 3 months
Chronic = exposure for > 3 months
What is an example of Duration/Frequency of Exposure? - ANSWERSBenzene
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