Exam (elaborations)
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE EXAM 1
- Course
- Institution
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE EXAM 1...
[Show more]
Content preview
Normal lab values for sodium - ANSWER 135-145 mEqNormal lab values for potassium - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq
Normal lab values for calcium - ANSWER 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Normal lab values for phosphorus - ANSWER 2.4-4.4 mEq
normal lab values for Cl - ANSWER 96-106 mEq
normal lab values for magnesium - ANSWER 1.7-2.7 mEq
Which has more fluid in the body? adult or infant - ANSWER infant
males or females have more fluid in their body? Why? - ANSWER males,
because water is in muscles not fat
Which has more fluid? ICF or ECF? - ANSWER ICF
Volume problems mainly affect what area? Osmolarity problems affect what? -
ANSWER heart; brain- CNS
,Treatment of hypovolemia - ANSWER 1. oral rehydration
2. IV replacement with Lactated Ringers or isotonic NaCl (0.9% or normal
saline) or blood
Treatment for hypervolemia - ANSWER 1. give diuretics
2. fluid restriction
3. abdominal para-or thoracentesis
Treatment for hyponatremia - ANSWER 1. restrict fluids
2. Give lactated ringers or normal saline IV fluid
3. administer 3 or 5% NaCl IV solutions slowly (only ICU setting)
4. administer loop diuretics to decrease water or withhold diuretics
5. administer oral rehydration fluids with electrolytes
treatment for hypernatremia - ANSWER 1. dilute the sodium concentration
2. administer IV D5W or 0.4% NaCl
3. restrict sodium intake
4. administer free water
5. administer diuretics to excrete sodium
Fluid volume deficit does what to BUN, Na, and hct? - ANSWER increases
Fluid volume excess does what to BUN, Na, and hct? - ANSWER decreases
,If a patient has a fluid imbalance as a nurse you should assess what? -
ANSWER 1. daily weigh
2. I & O
3. lung sounds
4. vital signs
5. monitor lab results for BUN, Na, and hct
6. assess neurological changes
7. assess skin
treatment for hypokalemia - ANSWER 1. administer potassium orally or IV
(drip only)
-Lidocaine for pain
-Liquid potassium by mouth can cause GI lesions
treatment for hyperkalemia - ANSWER 1. stop/limit potassium intake
2. dialysis
3. Kayexalate - a cation exchange resin given orally or rectally to bind with
potassium
4. force potassium from ECF to ICF with IV insulin with dextrose- causes
increase potassium intake at cellular level, beta adrenergic agonists, NaHCO3-
moves Na into cells
5. stabilize cardiac membranes with IV calcium chloride or gluconate - types of
calcium
6. monitor EKG
sign to test for hypocalcemia in which you tap on facial nerve leading to facial
contractions - ANSWER Chvostek's sign
, sign to test for hypocalcemia in which you inflate BP cuff above systolic bp
leading to carpal spasms - ANSWER Trousseau's sign
treatment for hypocalcemia - ANSWER 1. oral or IV calcium
2. promote CO2 retention- to control muscle spasms
treatment for hypercalcemia - ANSWER 1. IV or oral fluids with normal
saline - flushes out excess calcium
2. IV phosphorus- opposes calcium
3. Calcitonin- decreases calcium
4. Biphosphonates- impede bone resorption
5. low calcium diet
6. dialysis
7. mobilization- increases bone mineralization
Name the two electrolytes that are reciprocals? - ANSWER Calcium and
potassium
clear IV solutions - ANSWER crystalloids
blood and blood products IV - ANSWER colloids
3 categories of IV solutions- definition, osmolality, and types - ANSWER 1.
hypertonic: causes cells to shrink
-<250
-0.45% NaCl (normal saline); D5W in patient
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Mirror. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67096 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now