TEST BANK - ETHICS AND ISSUES
IN CONTEMPORARY NURSING,
1ST EDITION (BURKHARDT, 2020),
CHAPTER 1-20 | ALL CHAPTERS
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, Chapter 2: Ethical Theory
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Ethics is:
a formal process of making illogical and consistent decisions based upon one’s beliefs.
a formal process of making logical and random decisions based upon moral beliefs.
a formal process of making logical and consistent decisions based upon moral beliefs.
a formal process of making logical and consistent decisions based upon religious beliefs.
ANS: C PTS: 1
The belief that people can figure out absolute moral rules that derive from the universe or a supreme being
is the basis for which moral perspective?
Moral belief c. Deontology
Rationalism d. Naturalism
ANS: B PTS: 1
The nurse maintained confidentiality regarding a patient’s terminal illness even though family members
would have provided emotional and financial support to the patient had they known of the diagnosis.
Adhering to this principle regardless of outcome is an example of the application of which ethical theory?
Deontology c. Rationalism
Naturalism d. Utilitarianism
ANS: A PTS: 1
During a hurricane, there is no electricity in a hospital where floodwater is rapidly rising. An ICU nurse
manually ventilates a patient with an ambu bag for 6 hours before she makes the difficult decision to leave
her patient and help the solitary remaining nurse carry 12 newborns to safety. The nurse’s decision is most
clearly supported by which of the following?
Deontology c. Rationalism
Virtue ethics d. Utilitarianism ANS: D PTS: 1
Abortion, even to save the life of the mother, would most likely be considered morally wrong by a person
rigidly applying which type of moral theory?
Deontology c. Naturalism
Virtue ethics d. Utilitarianism ANS: A PTS: 1
TEST BANK FOR ETHICS AND ISSUES IN
CONTEMPORARY NURSING 3RD
, CANADIAN EDITION BURKHARDT
Virtue Ethics
An ethical principle that relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed
to persons, recognizing that giving to some will deny receipt to others who might otherwise have received
these things. In research, it implies the rights of fair treatment and privacy, including anonymity and
confidentiality
Distributive Justice
- Application of an ethical principle that relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution in society,
determined by justified norms that structure the terms of social cooperation. Its scope includes policies
that allot diverse benefits and burdens such as property, resources, taxation, privileges, and opportunities
- Unfortunately, there is a finite supply of goods and services, and it is impossible for all people to have
everything they might want or need
--> One of the primary purposes of governing systems is to formulate and enforce policies that deal with
fair and equitable distribution of scarce resources
--> Decisions about this are made on a variety of levels.
~~> The government is responsible for deciding policy about broad public health access issues, such as
children's immunization and Medicare for the elderly
~~>Hospitals and other organizations formulate policy on an institutional level and deal with issues such
as how decisions will be made concerning who will occupy intensive care beds and which types of
patients will be accepted in emergency rooms
~~> Nurses and other health care providers frequently make decisions of this _______________ on an
individual basis
==> Ex: For example, having assessed the needs of patients, nurses decide how best to allocate their time
(a scarce resource)
Distributive Justice (Figure 3-3)
To each equally
To each according to need
To each according to merit
To each according to social contribution
To each according to the person's rights
To each according to individual effort
To each as you would be done by
To each according to the greatest good to the greatest number
Fidelity
An ethical principle related to the concept of faithfulness and the practice of promise keeping
Axiology (I don't think I need this in here)
(This is above Values in the Textbook, in the Introduction, on Pg. 93)
- The branch of philosophy that studies the nature and types of values
Values
Ideals, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that are highly prized or preferred by
individuals, groups, or society.
Moral Values
Preferences or dispositions reflective of right or wrong, should or should not, in human behavior
Moral Thought
