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ARRT - Radiation Therapy Exam with rationale answers
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ARRT - Radiation Therapy Exam with rationale answers
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ARRT - Radiation Therapy Exam withrationale answers
simple consent - ANS implied or expressed consent
expressed consent - ANS does not stop a procedure
inadequate consent - ANS Ignorant consent. This occurs when the patient has not been
informed adequately to make a responsible decision.
HIPPA - ANS Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
research PHI info must be removed
curative - ANS definitive Tx has goal to eradicate tumor
palliative - ANS Tx has goal to alleviate symptoms
reduce pain, bleeding, improve breathing
verifying a patient - ANS 2 identifiers (name, DOB, medical number)
also: visual (photo), ID bracelet or card
verify before 1st Tx - ANS site, setup, prescription
Beneficence - ANS moral obligation to do good
Nonmaleficence - ANS do no harm
Malpractice - ANS health professional unintentionally acts wrongfully
causing injury
tort - ANS wrongful acts that are intentional or unintentional
battery - ANS harmful, unjustified acts to or against another
touch to harm or touch not permitted
assult - ANS Unlawful threat or attempt to do bodily injury to another
Negligence - ANS failure to act or care for a patient
leading to injury
unintentional tort
,False Imprisonment - ANS confinement or restraint without approval
libel - ANS written defamation
intentional tort
slander - ANS spoken defamation
intentional tort
invasion of privacy
violates? - ANS private information shared with those not involved in patients care
(violates HIPPA)
respondent superior - ANS Let the master answer
The employer is responsible for the negligent actions of the employee
Res Ipsa Loquitur - ANS the thing speaks for itself
employee responsible for negligence
written communication - ANS recorded information to be ready by others
(test results sent via email)
verbal communication - ANS speaking & assigning meaning to spoken workds
best form of reading a patient? verbal or nonverbal - ANS non verbal - better to read a
patient with body language etc.
examples of ancillary services for patients - ANS hospice, clergy, social services, dietitians
nasal cannula - ANS low flow
1-6L/min
simple face mask - ANS low flow
5-10L/min
allergic reactions - ANS basic symptoms of allergies
rash, hives, itching, fever, swelling, wheezing, runny nose, itchy watery eyes
anaphylaxis - ANS more severe
difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, weak, rapid pulse, seizure, lost of
consciousness
fundamentals of CPR - ANS C-A-B compression, airway, breathing
100-120 compressions / min
30-2 adults
,15-2 children
value representing diabetic hypoglycemia - ANS below 70mg/dL
meaning of diabetic hypoglycemia - ANS low blood sugar
diabetic ketoacidosis - ANS too many ketones (blood acids) in blood
not enough insulin
what is a pathogen
examples? - ANS causes infection
bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite
Human reservoirs - ANS people carry pathogens
std, measles, strep
animal reservoirs - ANS animals carry pathogens
anthrax, plaque, rabies
environmental reservoirs - ANS plants, soil, & water that carry infectious agents
fungal agents commonly live & multiply in soil
what is a portal of exit & examples - ANS pathogen leaving body
respiratory tract, urine, feces, blood
what is a portal of entry & examples - ANS pathogen entering body
same as exit, but also skin and mucous membrane
examples of a vehicle - ANS food, water, blood, fomite (objects)
examples of a vector - ANS mosquitoes, fleas, ticks
dawning PPE - ANS gown, mask, goggles, gloves
Body, mask, eyes, hands
doffing PPE - ANS gloves, goggles, gown, mask
hands, eyes, body, mask
most common type of nosocomial infection - ANS UTI
shielding blocks are made of - ANS bismuth, lead, tin, cadmium
toxic parts of a shielding block - ANS cadmium, lead
, melting point of cerrobend - ANS 165F
85C
iodine based contrast - ANS fewer adverse reactions
Gadolinium based contrast - ANS used more in MRI
injected
enhances just about everything in the body
Barium sulfate compounds - ANS for GI
who has a higher change of reaction to contrast
according to who - ANS middle aged
ACR
what is a BUN test
what is the normal value - ANS nitrogen in blood
for kidney function
6-24mg/dL
what does a creatinine test measure
what is the normal value - ANS creatinine in blood
for function and filtering
0.74-1.35mg/dL men
0.59-10.4mg/dL women
what is does an eGFR measure
what is the normal value - ANS filtration rate
above 60 is normal
what does extravasation mean - ANS leaking of drugs or contrast from IV or vein
inflammation & redness
mild contrast systemic effects - ANS urticaria (hives), pruitus (itchy throat), congestion,
sneezing, conjunctivitis rhinorrhea
moderate contrast systemic effects - ANS larger area urticaria, pruitus, erythema, facial
edema without dyspnea, tight throat, hoarseness, wheezing, bronchospasm
severe contrast systemic effects - ANS diffuse edema, facial edema with dyspnea, diffuse
erythema with hypotension, laryngeal edema, wheezing, hypozia, anaphylactic shock,
tachycardia
what is a sensitive test vs a specific test - ANS sensitive - detects tumor in early stages
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