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Music 101 MIDTERM Exam Questions with Latest Update
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Music 101 MIDTERM Exam Questions with Latest Update
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Music 101 MIDTERM Exam Questionswith Latest Update
tone color - quality that distinguishes tone produced by instrument/voice. Can describe
bright/dark, but identification of the tone color would be which instrument or voice you
hear.
NOT "happy" or "sad"
texture - homophonic, polyphonic, monophonic
Homophony - Accompaniment with melody that is in harmony
imitative polyphony - same or similar melodies presented in a staggered manner (like a
round)
non-imitative polyphony - a texture consisting of two or more independent melodic
voices with different melodies
monophony - a musical texture involving a single melodic line (plainchant)
tonic - the first note in any scale
cadence - the close of a musical section (end of sonata form exposition)
middle- ages - 450-1450
Gregorian chant - (middle ages) Monophonic chant used in catholic mass. chant used in
the early Roman Catholic church, unaccompanied, monophonic chant, without fixed
rhythm or meter.
Hildegard of Bingen - (middle ages) a nun who wrote religious poems and plainchants
such as Columba Aspexit
organum - Medieval polyphony that consists of (middle ages) Gregorian chant and one
or more additional melodic lines. the earliest genre of medieval music. Traditional
plainchant with another added melody sung simultaneously to the same words
(polyphony). The melodies are equally important.
troubador - (middle ages) a troubadour was someone who was usually rich and high in
society who wrote music on the side for a hobby. THey wrote secular music that they
played in their homes. (usually homophony)
renaissance - 1400-1600
, paraphrase - (renaissance) plain chant + more complex rhythms and ornamentation
(the modification and decoration of plainchant melodies.)
high renaissance style - alternating sections of homophony and imitative polyphony
Giovanni Palestrina - (renaissance) Wrote Pope Marcellus Mass, convinced the catholic
church that polyphony wasn't too confusing (savior of church music)-Wrote Pope
Marcellus Mass - supposed to have convinced the pope that composers who used
polyphonic church music that the sacred words could be heard clearly. During the
counter reform of the church.
declamation - art of pronouncing words in recitative
Thomas Weelkes - (Renaissance) An English composer who was known for his
madrigals like "as vesta was from latmos hill descending" (1650)
Baroque era - 1600-1750
Fugue - (Baroque) polyphonic form popular in the baroque era in which one or more
themes are developed by imitative polyphony. (exposition [subject, bridge, stretto],
episode)
basso continuo - This is the Baroque technique where the keyboardist would add other
notes to make chords to make it more interesting (composer would only write very basic
accompaniment, keyboardists would improvise the rest)
figured bass - (baroque) a numerical shorthand placed with the bass line that tells the
player which unwritten notes to fill in above the written bass note.
walking bass - a bass that moves at a moderate, steady pace, mostly in equal note
values and often stepwise up or down the scale
ground bass - a short melody in the bass that is constantly repeated
solo concerto - orchestra with soloist
concerto grosso - orchestra with multiple soloists
ritornello form - compositional form usually used in the baroque concerto grosso, in
which the tutti plays a ritornello, or refrain, alternating with one or more soloists playing
new material, the word for a recurring passage for orchestra in the first or final
movement of a solo concerto or aria (also in works for chorus).
In ritornello form, the tutti opens with a theme called the ritornello (refrain). This theme,
always played by the tutti, returns in different keys throughout the movement. However,
it usually returns in incomplete fragments.
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