Exam #2 - NUR 1060C Health Assessment Questions And Answers Already Graded A+
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Course
NUR 1060C Health Assessment
Institution
NUR 1060C Health Assessment
What are some accessible pulse points? - ️️Carotid (neck), brachial (arm), radial
(arm), femoral (upper thigh), popliteal (behind the knee), dorsalis pedis (foot), posterior
tibial (back of foot/ankle)
Carotid is the pulse you can feel the strongest
Carotid is to be checked one at a time
W...
Exam #2 - NUR 1060C Health
Assessment
What are some accessible pulse points? - ✔️✔️Carotid (neck), brachial (arm), radial
(arm), femoral (upper thigh), popliteal (behind the knee), dorsalis pedis (foot), posterior
tibial (back of foot/ankle)
Carotid is the pulse you can feel the strongest
Carotid is to be checked one at a time
What is the pericardium? - ✔️✔️double-walled sac that encloses the heart
What are the great vessels? - ✔️✔️- Superior and Inferior vena cava - drain blood into
the R. atria
- Aorta - ejects/sends/delivers blood to the body from the l. ventricle via the pulmonary
vein passed the aortic valve
- Pulmonary Arteries and Veins - PA sends blood to the lungs to be oxygenated via the
pulmonic valve, PV - takes oxygenated blood to the L. atria
What is the pulmonary artery and how is it different from the pulmonary vein? -
✔️✔️PA carries *deoxygenated* blood from the RV via the pulmonic valve to the lungs
whereas the PV takes *oxygenated* blood to the LA and then the blood in the LA
passes through mitral valve and moves to the LV to the aorta via the aortic valve
What is the atrium? ventricle? - ✔️✔️Atrium and Ventricles (the right AND left sides)
make up the 4 chambers of the heart. The RA recieves blood from the body via the IVC
and SVC, The LA recieves blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein, The LV
receives blood from the LA via the mitral valve (atrioventricular valve), RV receives
blood from the RA via the tricuspid valve (atrioventricular valve)
What are the AV valves? - ✔️✔️tricuspid and mitral = "ATM" = valves between the atria
and ventricles, contribute to the S1 first heart sound (lub) when they close, the AV
valves close becasue the the ventriculars are contracting
What is diastole? systole? - ✔️✔️Diastole + systole = cardiac cycle
*Diastole* = relaxation of the ventricles, ventricular filling, takes longer than systole,
second heart sound, S2 = semilunar valve closure, aortic and pulmonic (SAP) = closed,
"dub" = base= loudest point
*Systole* = ventricular/heart contraction = arterial filling, tricuspid and mitral valves
(ATM) is closed, loudest at apex, S1 = AV valve closure
,What are the semilunar valves? - ✔️✔️Aortic and Pulmonic valves = "SAP" = valves
between the ventricles and arteries , contribute to S2 heart sound (dub) when they close
What is the direction or pathway of blood flow through the heart? - ✔️✔️- head and
upper extremities drain blood into the R.atria via the SVC and the liver drains blood into
the R. atria via the IVC
- blood from the R.atria goes to the R.Ventricle via the tricuspid valve
- since blood on the right side is deoxygenated it needs to get to the lungs via the
pulmonary arteries through the pulmonic valve
- once the blood is in the lungs it is then oxygenated
- it then comes back to the l. atria of the heart via the pulmonary vein
- then the blood moves to the l. ventricles passed the mitral valve
- the blood in the L. ventricle needs to get to the aorta via the aortic valve and then the
aorta sends the oxygenated blood to the body
What are some landmarks to take note of in regards to the heart? - ✔️✔️"the heart is
an upside down triangle"
apex of the heart is at the "bottom" of the heart
base of the heart is at the "top"
Great vessels and the right and left borders (always refers to the pt's right and left)
What is the cardiac cycle? - ✔️✔️Diastole + systole = ventricular filling/ventricular
relaxation (SL valve closing) + atrial filling (AV valve closing) = S2 + S1 = lub + dub
What are the S1 and S2 heart sounds? - ✔️✔️S1 = lub = first heart sound = atrial filling
= ATM closure = loudest at apex, ventricle contraction
S2 = dub = second heart sound == ventricular filling = SAP closure = loudest at base,
ventricle relaxation
What is a murmur? - ✔️✔️when the blood flow in the heart can be heard as turbulence
or collision currents instead of silence/ no noise this is consider a murmur. murmurs are
often described as blowing or swooshing sound. use the bell of the stethoscope for low
pitched sounds usually heard with murmurs.
there's a distinct muffling as opposed to clear tapping
What are some causes of murmurs? - ✔️✔️Velocity of blood increase - e.g. exercise
Viscosity of blood decrease - e.g. anemia
Defective valves/ defective septum
What are the four characteristics of heart sounds to take note of? - ✔️✔️1.
frequency/pitch
2. intensity
3. duration - make note of silent periods
4. timing - is it happening during diastole or systole?
, How does a nurse or HCP properly use the diaphragm and bell of a stethoscope to
assess the heart and neck vessels? - ✔️✔️diaphragm is for high pitched sounds e.g.
normal heart sounds
bell is for low pitched sounds e.g. murmurs, bruits, extra heart sounds
What are some things we expect to find and don't expect to find across the lifespan
during a cardiovascular exam? - ✔️✔️The younger the pt the higher the HR
Infants - 70 -90 BPM while asleep and 170 when crying
Bradycardia - regular but slow HR is anything less 90 for newborns and anything less
than 60 for children
Tachycardia - regular but fast HR is anything over 200 BPM for new borns and anything
150 BPM for infants
Eldery/ OAs - prone to hypotension = fainting, weakness, dizziness i.e. orthostatic
hypotension, postural hypotension
How does a nurse or HCP display respect for the pt while performing assessment
techniques? - ✔️✔️Asking perrmission to remove clothing, explaining the procedure to
the pt, only uncover the part of the body you are assessing
What is compliance? non-compliance? - ✔️✔️the ability of tissue to stretch; heart or
lung tissue that has lost some of it's stretching ability
What are the effects of heart failure? - ✔️✔️Heart enlarges to compensate for the
decreased cardiac output, the heart muscles thicken, the decreased blood flow causes
the kidney to decrease urine output which results in water retention which then
manifests as edema or fluid back up in the legs, neck, and lungs
What are some S/S of heart failure? - ✔️✔️Cyanosis, low O2 sats, jugular vein
distention (associated with right heart failure), crackles, wheezing
What is the difference between arteries and veins? - ✔️✔️*Arteries* have elastic fibers
that allow them to stretch and relax during systole and diastole. Arteries are part of a
high pressure system because of the pumping action from the heart. Every time the
heart beats a pressure wave is created that you can feel through arteries as a pulse
(can be felt at point on the body where the arteries are closer to the surface and over
bone).
Even though *veins* run parallel to arteries the direction of blood flow is opposite in
veins. Veins are part of a low pressure system because it is carrying "bad blood" = CO2
and waste products back to the heart. The veins don't have the heart to generate blood
flow so they use intraluminal valves, skeletal muscle/calf pump/peripheral heart to move
blood in one direction towards the heart.
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