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PHAR 100 Module 3 Exam Questions with correct Answers
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PHAR 100 Module 3 Exam Questions with correct Answers
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PHAR 100 Module 3 Exam Questionswith correct Answers
low doses of sedative-hypnotics cause - Answers -anti-anxiety
medium-low doses of sedative hypnotics cause - Answers -relieve anxiety, decrease
activity, moderate excitement, calm
Medium-high doses of sedative hypnotics - Answers -hypnosis (sleep) - drowsiness, aid
in onset and maintenance of sleep
High dose of sedative hypnotics - Answers -general anesthesia - unconscious, absence
of pain
How do depative-hypnotics work? - Answers -Bind to different sites than GABA on the
chloride channel, enhancing the inhibitory effect of GABA
How does GABA cause inhibition? - Answers -Binds to chloride channels and
selectively opens them
Causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane, making it harder for the
postsynaptic neurons to transmit incoming messages
Depresses CNS neuronal signalling
Activation of the benzodiazepine receptor... - Answers -increases the frequency of the
opening of the chloride channel
What is the most common drug involved in overdose? - Answers -Benzodiazepines
but they have a wide margin of safety so deaths are rare - need a very large dose, rapid
injection, or mixing with other drugs
What is the antidote to benzodiazepines? - Answers -Flumazenil
What type of sleep do benzodiazepines cause? - Answers -REM-type
Short term effects of benzodiazepines - Answers -CNS: relaxation, calmness, reduced
anxiert, drowsiness, fatigue, impairment of thinking/memory
Lungs: respiratory depression following rapid intravenous administration
Motor coordination: moderate doses can impair motor coordination and driving,
response exaggerated as dose is increased
, Chronic sedative-hypnotic intoxication - Answers -impaired thinking, poor memory and
judgement, disorientation, incoordination, slurred speech
Benzodiazepines and pregnancy/breastfeeding - Answers -Can cross the placenta
If administered in the first trimester results in a small but significant risk for fetal
abnormalities
Are secreted into breast milk which can lead to sedation or death of baby
Abuse and dependence of benzodiazepines often in combination with - Answers -
alcohol to enhance depressant effects
Abuse liability of benzodiazepines is... - Answers -low since they have weak reinforcing
properties
Inherent harmfulness of benzodiazepines is... - Answers -low (high margin of safety)
Does not depress respiration at therapeutic doses
Often does not lead to death on its own
Tolerance can develop to what 3 effects of benzodiazepines? - Answers -Sedative
effects and impairment of coordination (most common)
Anxiolytic effects
Euphoric effects
Why is there a high degree of cross-tolerance amount the sedative-hypnotics? -
Answers -Because they all modulate the chloride channel in the CNS
Risk of dependence on benzodiazepines - Answers -low for short-term use
Can withdrawal occur after therapeutic use of benzodiazepines? - Answers -Yes
anxiety, headache, insomnia, tension, difficulty concentrating, fatigue
Can addiction occur with benzodiazepines? - Answers -Can develop in some users
Zolpidem - Answers -Binds to a subset of GABA receptors (agonist), causing sedation
Have more sedative effects than anxiolytic effects
Benefit of Zolpidem over benzodiazepines - Answers -Don't disturb REM sleep as much
Basic structure of all barbiturates - Answers -Barbituric acid
Activation of the barbiturate receptor - Answers -Increases the duration of the opening
of the chloride channel
How are barbiturates classified? - Answers -Long acting (1-2h), short acting (3-8h), ultra
short acting (20 min)
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