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NURS2019 Week 1 Exam Latest Update
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NURS2019 Week 1 Exam LatestUpdate
HEART TERMINOLOGY (5) - Answer - Cardiac Output = volume blood pumped around
heart per minute
- Stroke Volume = volume blood pumped out each ventricle per beat
- Atherosclerosis = formation plaques & atheroma's on arteries
- Arteriosclerosis = thickening & hardening of blood vessel walls = increased resistance
- Stenosis = narrowing of blood vessels
HEART LAYERS - Answer - Pericardium = outer layer of heart
- Epicardium = outer muscle layer
- Myocardium = middle muscle layer
- Endocardium = inner muscle layer
HEART DISORDERS (5) - Answer - Congenital = born with it (hole in heart)
- Structural = disorders of heart valve & walls
- Degenerative = build-up of fatty deposits = decreased blood flow to myocardium
- Trauma = crushing injury to chest
- Abnormal Electrical Conduction
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION OF THE HEART - Answer - Impulse starts at Sinoatrial Node
-> Atrioventricular Node -> Bundle of His -> Bundle Branches -> Purkinje Fibres
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH - ECG - Answer - P-Wave = depolarisation & contraction of
atria
- QRS Complex = depolarisation & contraction of ventricles
- T-Wave = repolarisation of ventricles
, CORONARY HEART DISEASE - RISK FACTORS - Answer - Non-Modifiable = age (men
>45 & women >55), family history, gender (M>W)
- Modifiable = HTN, smoking, alcohol intake, physical inactivity, stress, diet, diabetes
HYPERTENSION - Answer - Consistent elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure
- Grade 1 = 140-159/90-99 (asymptomatic, lifestyle changes)
- Grade 2 = 160-179/100-109 (headaches, lifestyle changes, antihypertensives)
- Grade 3 = 180+/110+ (increased risk stroke or MI, medication)
POSTURAL HYPOTENSION - Answer - Drop in BP upon standing
- Acute Orthostatic Hypotension = suddenly, as once off
- Chronic Orthostatic Hypotension = all the time
- Caused by blood pooling in lower extremities upon change in body position
Treatment = sit on edge of bed or chair & stand up slowly
NON-LIFE THREATENING ARRHYTHMIAS - Answer - Arrythmias which don't cause
cardiac arrest
- Atrial Fibrillation = 1st & 2nd degree not life-threatening, 3rd degree not
life-threatening if you intervene in time to prevent deterioration
LIFE THREATENING ARRHYTHMIAS - Answer - Arrythmias which cause cardiac arrest
- Ventricular tachycardia, Ventricular fibrillation, Asystole, Pulseless electrical activity
PERICARDITIS - Answer - Inflammation of pericardium
- Cause = bacterial/viral/fungal infection or injury to chest/heart/oesophagus
- Symptoms = sharp chest pain, breathlessness, dry cough, pain worse laying down
- Treatment = NSAIDs & pericardial synthesis (drain fluid from pericardial sac
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