Systems Analysis and Design
12th Edition Solutions
Chapter 1: Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
Table of Contents
Learning Objectives
1.1: Information Technology
1.2: Information Systems
1.3: Internet Business Strategies
1.4: Modeling Business Operations
1.5: Business Information Systems
1.6: Organizational Information Models
1.7: Systems Development
1.8: The Information Technology Department
1.9: The Systems Analyst
1.10: Summary
Key Terms
1.11: End of Chapter Solutions
Learning Objectives
Students will have mastered the material in Chapter One when they can:
• Describe the impact of information maintain large-scale information
technology on society systems
• Describe the five main components of • Explain the seven main functions of the
an information system information technology department
• Explain Internet business strategies and • Describe the roles and responsibilities
relationships, including B2C and B2B of a systems analyst within the
• Explain how to use business profiles and enterprise
models
• Understand the seven types of
information systems used in business
• Describe the types of information the
four classes of users need
• Distinguish among structured analysis,
object- oriented analysis, and agile
systems development methods
• List the tools that enable the systems
analyst to develop, manage, and
,Systems Analysis and Design Instructor’s Manual Page 2 of 110
1.1: Information Technology
LECTURE NOTES
• Use Figure 1-1 as a starting point for a discussion about how information technology affects the society
• Discuss the benefits of using information by an organization
• Discuss the importance of information technology in a global economy
• Define information technology (IT)
• Discuss the role of information technology in an organization’s success
• Use Figure 1-2 to discuss job opportunities available in IT
• Define an information system
• Provide an overview of systems analysis and design
• Discuss the role of systems analysts
FIGURES: 1-1. 1-2
TEACHING TIPS
Explain the way in which information systems are used. In business, clerks, sales representatives, accountants,
supervisors, managers, executives, and customers all use information systems, either directly or indirectly. Information
systems support daily, short-term, and long-term activities.
Talk over the history of information technology and how it has evolved. From Herman Hollerith and IBM to tablets
and smartphones, generate excitement about the endless possibilities of IT in the 21st century.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Quick Quiz: Assign Question 1 on page 42.
2. Quick Quiz: Assign Question 2 on page 42.
3. Critical Thinking: What characteristics would make an individual a strong systems analyst?
1.2: Information Systems
LECTURE NOTES
• Define system and mission-critical system
• Explain in what way data is different from information
• Use Figure 1-4 to identify the key components of an information system
• Define hardware
• Discuss Moore’s Law
• Define software, and show that system software is different from application software
• Describe enterprise applications by providing examples such as order processing systems, payroll systems, and
company communication networks
• Differentiate between a horizontal system and a vertical system
• Define legacy systems
• Redefine data using a typical payroll system as an example
• Describe processes
• Define stakeholders and users (end users)
• FIGURES: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6
,Systems Analysis and Design Instructor’s Manual Page 3 of 110
TEACHING TIPS
Using Figure 1-6, illustrate a payroll system that stores data in related tables.
Elucidate the prediction of Gordon Moore, a cofounder of Intel, and update that this prediction was valid for 50 years.
Explain that system software manages the hardware components of a system. It also controls the flow of data, provides
data security, and manages network operations. Offer examples of system software, which include: Windows, UNIX,
Mac OS, and Linux (operating systems); personal firewalls (security software); and file viewers, file compression
utilities, disk scanners, and screen savers (utility programs).
CASE IN POINT 1.1: Data Breaches
A data breach occurs when a hacker gains illegal access to a system and steals personal data, such as credit card numbers
or home addresses. With more of our information stored in the cloud, data breaches are becoming increasingly
common. Research recent news articles about large-scale data breaches, summarize why they occurred, and suggest
how they might be prevented in the future.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Class Discussion: Ask students for examples of mission-critical systems.
2. Class Discussion: Challenge students to give examples of data and information. Encourage them to explain why they
classified each example as they did.
3. Class Discussion: Ask students to suggest processes that might be used to perform a simple operation, such as selling
an item in a grocery store.
4. Critical Thinking: Which is more widely available and less expensive: horizontal or vertical systems? Why?
5. Quick Quiz: Assign Question 5 on page 42
1.3: Internet Business Strategies
LECTURE NOTES
• Define ecommerce (electronic commerce)
• Discuss the use of an app
• Describe B2C ecommerce, and point out the types of companies that participate in B2C ecommerce
• Discuss how B2C ecommerce is changing traditional business models
• Describe B2B ecommerce, and point out the advantages of B2B ecommerce
• Describe electronic data interchange (EDI)
• Differentiate between B2C (business-to-consumer) ecommerce and B2B (business-to-business) ecommerce
• Define supply chain
TEACHING TIPS
, Systems Analysis and Design Instructor’s Manual Page 4 of 110
Mention that B2C ecommerce involves the sale of products or services to the general public. In addition to allowing
customers to compare and buy products, some B2C websites offer access to product reviews, chat rooms, and other
product-related information.
Explain that B2B ecommerce consists of the sale and exchange of products and services between businesses.
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Class Discussion: Ask students to describe their B2C experiences. What types of services or products (such as travel,
hobbies, electronic products, and so on) did they purchase? How satisfied were they with the transaction? Why?
2. Critical Thinking: Assign Discussion Topic 1 on page 42.
3. Quick Quiz: Assign Question 4 on page 42.
4 Projects to Assign: Assign Project 2 on page 42.
1.4: Modeling Business Operations
LECTURE NOTES
• Define business profile
• Define business process
• Define business process model (BPM)
• Describe business process modeling notation (BPMN)
FIGURES: 1-7, 1-8, 1-9
TEACHING TIPS
Discuss the use of business process models (BPM) in providing visual representations of business processes using Figure
1-7.
Use Figure 1-8 to illustrate a business process modeling notation (BPMN).
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
1. Class Discussion: Ask students for examples of business processes for registration of classes at their university.
2. Quick Quiz: Assign Question 3 on page 42.
1.5: Business Information Systems
LECTURE NOTES
• Specify the types of systems
• Define enterprise computing
• Discuss the main objective of enterprise computing
• Define enterprise resource planning (ERP), and discuss its advantages and disadvantages
• Use Figure 1-10 to show an example of an ERP solution that can boost productivity
• Describe transaction processing (TP) systems, and use Figure 1-11 to show the tasks processed by a TP system
• Discuss business support systems and management information systems (MIS)
• Discuss radio frequency identification (RFID) technology with the help of Figure 1-12
• Discuss the important feature of business support systems
• Characterize the knowledge base and inference rules that make up knowledge management systems
• Use Figure 1-13 to explain a knowledge management system
• Give examples of user productivity systems
