Summary
Summary NSG 251 Exam 2 Meds
- Course
- NSG 251
- Institution
- Marian University
Medications for exam 2
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NSG 251: Pharmacology Exam 2 MedicationsMedication Classifications
SULFONAMIDES
Mechanism of Action ● Bacteriostatic
● Antimetabolite: inhibits growth by blocking bacterial production of folic acid (folic acid is needed for purine
development)
Uses ● Broad spectrum (Gram+ and Gram-)
● Concentrates in urine, effective against UTI
● Prophylaxis against opportunistic infection in HIV+ patients
● community-acquired MRSA
Adverse Effects ● Delayed rash preceded by fever
● Photosensitivity
● Low RBC, WBC, platelets
Interactions/Contraindications ● Allergy to sulfonamides or sulfites
● NEVER combine with celecoxib
● Avoid with pregnancy and infants < 2 years old
● Interactions:
○ warfarin - hemorrhage
○ sulfonylureas - hypoglycemia
○ phenytoin - toxicity
Nursing Process
● Assess: Obtain baseline CBC
, ● Implementation (education): Sunscreen/limit sun exposure. Use backup birth control. Increase fluids.
● Evaluation (monitoring for therapeutic effects):
o Report rash
o Bleeding
o Shortness of breath
o Abdominal pain
o Fever
PENICILLINS (β-lactam)
Mechanism of Action ● Bactericidal
● Inhibit cell wall synthesis leading to eventual cell lysis.
Uses ● Gram+ infections (prevention and treatment)
○ Extended-spectrum penicillin does have Gram+, Gram-, and anaerobic coverate
Adverse Effects ● Bone marrow suppression (low RBC, WBC, platelets)
● Hyperkalemia, hypernatremia
● Lethargy, anxiety, depression, seizures
Interactions/Contraindications ● Allergy
● Many interactions
○ Positive killing effect when combined with aminoglycosides
, ○ Enhances effect of warfarin (increased bleeding risk)
○ Decreases effect of oral contraceptives
Nursing Process
● Assess: High risk for penicillin allergy with asthma, aspirin allergy, sensitivity to cephalosporins.
● Planning:
o Adjust dosage for patients with renal impairment.
● Implementation (education):
o Administer with water, NEVER citrus juice, fruit juice, tomato juice, or soda - these will deactivate
antibiotics.
o Use backup birth control.
o Small Snacks to help with nausea
● Evaluation (monitoring for therapeutic effects) - Monitor electrolyte levels
CEPHALOSPORINS (β-lactam)
Mechanism of Action ● Bactericidal
● Inhibit cell wall synthesis leading to eventual cell lysis.
Uses ● Treatment of a variety of bacterial infections.
Adverse Effects ● Mild diarrhea
● Abdominal cramps
● Rash
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