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EXAM 3 Chapter 16 Genetic Technology Questions with Complete Solutions
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EXAM 3 Chapter 16 Genetic Technology Questions with Complete Solutions
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EXAM 3 Chapter 16 Genetic TechnologyQuestions with Complete Solutions
Recombinant DNA Technology - Answer-• Use of laboratory techniques to isolate and
manipulate fragments of DNA
• Recombining DNA from different cells
Recombinant DNA contains DNA from: - Answer-Two or more sources
Once inside the host cell, recombinant molecules are replicated to produce identical
copies or ____ - Answer-Clones
Recombinant DNA technology is done to: - Answer-Make more copies of DNA of the
same gene or increase the number of proteins you have
Gene cloning creates ____ of a particular genes - Answer-Many copies
Gene cloning makes: - Answer-Large amounts of a specific gene's DNA
**for DNA sequencing
**to probe for a similar gene in another species
Gene cloning is also used to produce: - Answer-The protein encoded by the gene
*purify protein to study structure and function
*introduce into bacteria or livestock for pharmaceuticals
*introduce into plants and animals to change traits
*use for gene therapy to treat disease
~Gene Cloning Step 1~ - Answer-• *Vector DNA* is a carrier for the DNA segment to be
cloned
• When a vector is introduced into a living cell, it can replicate, making copies
• Common vectors are *plasmid* or *viral vectors*
• Plasmid = small circular piece of DNA that's separate that's not integrated into its
host's genome
• Also need the *gene of interest* from some organism's chromosomal DNA
~Gene Cloning Step 2~ - Answer-• To insert chromosomal DNA into vector
• Cut DNA using *restriction enzymes*
-Also called *restriction endonucleases*
-Made by bacteria as protection against beteriophages
-Cut at specific, known *restriction sites*
-Most restriction sites palindromic
-May produce sticky ends
, • *DNA ligase* must be used to permanently link DNA
• Creates a recombinant vector with gene inserted
• will also get empty recircularized vector without insert
~Note!!!~ - Answer-*****Q ABOUT RESTRICTION ENZYMES***
*Used to cut at a specific point and create these sticky ends*
~Gene Cloning Step 3~ - Answer-Goal is to have recombinant vector taken up by
bacteria
-some will take up a single plasmid
-most cells fail to take up a plasmid
-depends on competency
Vector carries a selectable marker
-adding antibiotics selects for cells expressing antibiotic resistance gene, ampR
-gene ampR codes for beta-lactamase that degrades ampicillin, which normally kills
bacteria
-growth on ampicillin plates indicates that bacteria contain plasmid with the selectable
marker
Gene cloning: Only cells with ____ grow on plates treated with ampicillin - Answer-The
plasmid
Gene Cloning
To eliminate recircularized empty vectors, ___ is built into vector - Answer-lacZ gene
~Note~ - Answer-• Insertion of cloned DNA disrupts lacZ gene
• LacZ codes for beta-galactosidase, which cleaves colorless X-Gal into a blude dye
*recircularized plasmids will form blue colonies
*the desired recombinant vectors will form white colonies
~Note~ - Answer-Gene cloning =
Idea that you're moving one gene of interest to another cell type
Put it in a vector to deliver to a host cell
Design vector so there are checks that can ensure you're forming the proper plasmid
and is only selecting cells that took up that plasmid of interest
A process which inserts normal genes into human cells to correct disorders?
a. Gene therapy
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