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HTH 423 - Exam 1 - Ott Walter with complete solutions
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HTH 423 - Exam 1 - Ott Walter with complete solutions
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HTH 423 - Exam 1 - Ott Walter withcomplete solutions
Ethics - correct answer ✔✔- Standards of right and wrong that have to do with rights, reasonable
obligations, benefits to society, fairness, virtues (honesty, compassion, loyalty)
One's ethical standards are based on - correct answer ✔✔- Feelings, laws and social norms
- Continuous effort of studying your own moral beliefs and moral conduct
- Morals come from: parents, school, religion, experiences, media, politics
- Decisions made based on the info the groups around you have provided you. Your thought process
decides what is ethical to YOU.
Decisions and actions change over time because you've gained some experience personally or by
observing.
Bioethics - correct answer ✔✔- Study of ethical, social, and legal issues that arise in biomedicine and
biomedical research.
- Includes: Medical ethics, Research ethics, Environmental ethics, Public health ethics
Medical Ethics - correct answer ✔✔Focuses on issues in health care
- Include things like:
Confidentiality - HIPPA
End of life decision making
Genetic testing
Gene editing
Treatment decisions
Research Ethics - correct answer ✔✔Focuses on the conduct of research
Public Health Ethics - correct answer ✔✔- the principles and values that help guide actions designed to
promote health and prevent injury and disease in the population
,- Addresses ethical issues in public health:
Smoke-free policies
Individual rights vs. Protection of public good
Allocation of public health resources
Obesity
Sugar tax
The Nuremburg Code - correct answer ✔✔a set of research ethics principles for human experimentation
set as a result of the subsequent Nuremberg trials at the end of the Second World War.
The Belmont Report - correct answer ✔✔Basic Ethical Principles: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and
Justice
Must have informed consent
- identifies basic ethical principles and guidelines that address ethical issues arising from the conduct of
research with human subjects.
Thalidomide - correct answer ✔✔A mild tranquilizer that reduces morning sickness, taken early in
pregnancy, can produce a variety of malformations of the limbs (flipper hands/feet), eyes, ears, and
heart.
- Approved in Europe as a sedative and anti-nausea medication for pregnant women.
- Never approved in the U.S. by the FDA
- Caused severe deformities in fetuses in approximately 12,000 babies born in Europe. They didn't test it
on pregnant animals before humans
Tuskeegee Syphilis Study - correct answer ✔✔- Conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (GOV
funded)
- 600 low-income African-American males, 400 infected with syphilis (WITH NO CONSENT of the study),
monitored for 40 years.
- Received free medical exams, but were NOT told about their disease.
- Cure became available in the 1950's, but participants were denied treatment.
- Stopped in 1973 because of publicity and political embarrassment.
- could have spread to partners & children
, Joseph Mengele - correct answer ✔✔Nazi doctor at Auschwitz who performed experiments on the Jews,
especially twins, without their consent.
- (The Angel of Death)
- Conducted research on twins and Gypsies in the camps
- Experimental surgeries without anesthesia
- Blood transfusions between twins
- Isolation endurance how long one can be alone before mental/physical damage
- Lethal germ injections
- Sex change operations - nonconsensual
- Removal of organs and limbs
The Monster Study - correct answer ✔✔- A stuttering experiment on ORPHAN CHILDREN in Davenport,
Iowa.
- Children were assigned to either a control or experimental group. Half of the children received positive
(praise) speech therapy and the other half received negative (belittling) speech therapy.
- Many of the normal speaking children who received negative speech therapy and some retained
speech problems throughout their life.
- University of Iowa apologized in 2001 for the study.
The Aversion Project, 1971 - 1989 - correct answer ✔✔- An attempt to root out homosexuality from
South Africa's apartheid army. White lesbian and gay soldiers were forced to undergo sex-change
operations, chemical castration, electric shock and other medical experiments.
- Estimated 900 forced sex reassignment surgeries were performed between 1971 and 1989.
- The doctor in charge of the study is currently a Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at the University of
Calgary's Medical College, in private practice and in good standing with the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of Alberta.
Stanford Prison Experiment - correct answer ✔✔Philip Zimbardo's study of the effect of roles on
behavior. Participants were randomly assigned to play either prisoners or guards in a mock prison. The
study was ended 2 weeks early because of the "guards'" role-induced cruelty. All college aged men were
psychologically assessed as mental stable before but they had psychological effects afterwards.
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