Exam (elaborations)
Anti-arrhythmia Pharmacotherapy
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Anti-arrhythmia Pharmacotherapy Anti-arrhythmia Pharmacotherapy Anti-arrhythmia Pharmacotherapy
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Anti-arrhythmia PharmacotherapyChronotropic affects heart rate via alterations in automaticity (SA node)
Dromotropic affects rate of electrical conduction speed (AV node)
Ionotropic affects contractility (ventricular myocytes)
What antiarrhythmic medications do not prolong the QT interval and therefore decrease the risk of
torsades? Beta blockers
What electrolytes are responsible for driving ventricular action potentials sodium, potassium, and
calcium
What phase in cardiac action potential graph corresponds with each EKG stage? Phase 0: QR segment
(ventricular depolarization)
Phase 1: -
Phase 2: ST
Phase 3: T (ventricular repolarization)
Phase 4: resting potential/ no electrical activity
Main phases of ventricular action potential that are focused on for drug therapy in arrhythmias. Name
the channels at each phase. Phase 0: Na channel
Phase 2: Ca2+ & K+ channels
Phase 3: K+ channels
Phase 4: Na/K channels (not many drug targets here)
,Name the channel, phase, and types of medications within class I. Na channel
phase 0
Sodium channel blocking agents
Name the channel, phase, and types of medications within class II. No channels--> beta receptors
Phase 2
BB
Name the channel, phase, and types of medications within class III. K channel
Phase 3
Potassium channel blockers
Name the channel, phase, and types of medications within class IV. Ca channels
Phase 2
CCB
Name the class I medications. (Double Quarter Pounder; Lettuce, Mayo, Pickles; Fries Please!)
, Class Ia:
Disopyramide
Quinidine
Procainamide
Class Ib:
Lidocaine (IV)
Mexiletine
Phenytoin
Class Ic:
Flecainide
Propafenone
Why are class I medications separated into classes? each class has a different affinity to receptors
Are class I medications interchangable with other subclasses? no
What is the MOA of class I anti-arrhythmics? Sodium channel blockers that cause a negative
dromotropic effect through AV node, refractory period
What can all class Ia medications be used to treat? SVT
VT
AF
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