Exam (elaborations)
PHMY 610 EXAM 2 MATERIAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
PHMY 610 EXAM 2 MATERIAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
[Show more]
Content preview
PHMY 610 EXAM 2 MATERIAL QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
tobacco mosaic virus - ANSWER the first virus to be discovered (1892)
They used a special filter to filter out everything except the virus.
1898 - ANSWER the year Beijerinck first called the tobacco mosaic
virus a "virus"
virus - ANSWER Latin for poison
false - ANSWER true or false?
viruses are metabolically active outside a host cell.
metabolically inert - ANSWER not able to replicate outside of a human
cell
parasite - ANSWER A virus is a _______ because it can't replicate
outside of a host cell.
inert - ANSWER viruses are metabolically ______ outside the host cell.
capsid - ANSWER Outer protein coat of a virus
(bacteria have biofilm, viruses have this)
enveloped virus - ANSWER a virus that has a membrane composed
mostly of host material surrounding the capsid is called a...
true - ANSWER True or False:
Viruses can have DNA or RNA.
shape - ANSWER Viruses were originally classified by ______.
,body system - ANSWER Today, viruses are classified by which ______
________ they infect.
naked - ANSWER viruses that don't have a capsid or envelope
spikes - ANSWER attachment proteins on enveloped viruses.
These allow the viruses to hook onto human cells.
These can trigger the immune system.
segmented - ANSWER ______ viruses have more than one RNA
molecule.
nonsegmented - ANSWER Will DNA viruses be segmented or
nonsegmented?
RNA - ANSWER All segmented viruses must be ___ viruses.
isometric - ANSWER Viral shape that looks like a circle
helical - ANSWER Viral shape that looks a little more like a rod
pleomorphic - ANSWER Viral shape that's pretzel shaped
small - ANSWER viruses are so easy to spread because they're so
______.
ebola - ANSWER One of the biggest viruses
attachment - ANSWER Step 1 of host cell infection:
Virus uses spike proteins to grab onto host cell.
true - ANSWER True or false:
A virus will both integrate into and degrade host DNA.
lysogeny - ANSWER parasitic phase of viral replication; the virus fully
integrates its genetic material into the host genetic material, so it can
undergo replication.
Followed by assembly and release phase.
,budding - ANSWER Another name for viral release phase; new virions
are released.
virion - ANSWER Product of infection: a fully formed virus that is able to
establish an infection in a host cell
lytic phase - ANSWER the phase where the virus multiplies rapidly and
causes the host cell to burst. Kills the host cell within 1 generation.
lysogenic phase - ANSWER the phase where the virus does not kill the
host cell, but integrates into DNA (prophage/*provirus*) or remains
independent.
the virus still multiplies, but the host cell gets to live.
lytic - ANSWER A virus can use the host cell for several lysogenic
phases until bursting it in one final ______ phase.
bacteriophage - ANSWER the type of virus that infects bacteria
lytic - ANSWER bacteriophages kill bacteria through the ____ phase.
antibiotics - ANSWER bacteriophages are being researched as
alternatives to __________.
true - ANSWER True or False:
During the lysogenic phase, when bacteriophage viruses are inserting
their genetic material into the bacteria's genes, it could inadvertently
create resistance mechanisms and strengthen the bacteria.
lytic - ANSWER In order to kill the bacteria, phages should mostly use
the _____ phase.
14 - ANSWER There are __ RNA virus families
7 - ANSWER There are _ DNA virus families.
, cultivated - ANSWER viruses can be _________ in living animals,
embryonated chicken eggs, or cell/tissue culture (in vitro).
plaque-forming units (PFU) - ANSWER each plaque corresponds to a
single virus; what you count in a plaque assay
electron microscope - ANSWER you can count viruses using an
_______ ________ and you can get a density with that
ID50 - ANSWER infective dose for 50% of the population; how much
virus would you need to infect someone?
LD50 - ANSWER lethal dose for 50% of the population; how much
virus would you need to kill someone?
hemagglutination - ANSWER a way of detecting viruses (like
Adenovirus) because they agglutinate to RBCs when added to culture
PCR - ANSWER most commonly used clinical method of quantifying
the amount of virus in the body.
acute - ANSWER infection of short duration; symptoms are caused by
tissue damage (lytic)
naked - ANSWER _______ viruses cause more lysis than enveloped
viruses.
These are more likely to cause acute infections.
days to weeks - ANSWER how long does it usually take to recover from
an acute infection?
IgM - ANSWER the antibody that means ACTIVE infection (early,
acute)
IgG - ANSWER the antibody that means you've had the infection
before and you're protected now.
persistent - ANSWER viruses that are present in the body long-term
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller luzlinkuz. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $17.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now