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NTR 401 Test 1 with Answers
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NTR 401 Test 1 with Answers
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NTR 401 Test 1 with AnswersNutrients: - Answer-chemical substances in foods that are necessary for life and growth,
maintenance, and repair of body tissues
essential or indispensable nutrient - Answer--substance is req in the diet for growth,
health, repro and survival
-absence of substance results in characteristic signs of a defic disease
-substance is not synthesized in body and is req for critical fxns throughout life
-severity of defic signs are proportional to amt of nutrient consumed
(-Energy sources (CHO, fat, protein)
-Amino acids
-Vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids
-Water)
conditionally essential nutrient - Answer-nutrients not ordinarily req in the diet but which
are for specific populations that do not synthesize them to adequate amts
non-classical nutrient - Answer--antioxidants
-carotenoids
-cholesterol
-has a health benefit but lack of does not produce a defic disease
-included in the DRIs (wasn't allowed in the RDAs)
DRI - Answer-Dietary Reference Intakes
-became the new standard for measuring adequacy in 1997
What measures/reference values do DRIs include? - Answer--RDA
-EAR
-AI
-UL
-AMDR
RDA - Answer-Recommended Daily Allowance
-avg daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient req of nearly all
(~97.5%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage/gender group
-mean of pop + 2 standard deviations to cover most all of pop
-greater than avg req for nutrients-except enegery
EAR - Answer-Estimated Average Requirement
-avg daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the req of half the healthy individuals in
a particular life stage and gender group
AI - Answer-Adequate Intake
, -recommended avg daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally
determined estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people that are estimated
to be adequate
-used when an RDA cannot be determined
-observe that people in pop eat so much of vit Z and no one shows signs of defic so that
amount must be adequate
UL - Answer-Tolerable Upper Intake Level
-highest avg daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to
most all individuals in the general population
AMDR - Answer-Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
-the percentage of daily calories from each energy source (carbs, fats, proteins) that
provides a reduced risk for chronic disease
-resulted from prevalence of fad diets advising to cut out xyz from diet
Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Answer--basis was report from McGovern
Committee
-translates nutrient intake guidelines to recs for changes in food intake and selection
-updated about every 5 years
NOAEL - Answer--No Observable Adverse Event Level
-used to establish a UL if no dose-response data
-look at pop and > amt people consume w/o adverse effects
reference height and weight - Answer--uses mean height and median healthy
weight/BMI
-rec values then based on these specific heights/weights so that we can come up with a
single value intake rec for population (not avg weight bc of amt of obese individ but
median of healthy weights so recs are appropriate)
*using ref weight lowers prevalence of apparent protein inadequacy
EER - Answer-Estimated Energy Requirement
-"EAR for calories" (same place on a bell curve-mean of pop)
-diff in road map process-> do not add 2 standard deviations to EAR like would to get an
RDA bc pop does not need to consume extra calories (caloric intake should be avg for
given age/activity level)
The RDA is greater than the average requirement for all nutrients except... - Answer-
energy
PAL - Answer-Physical Activity Level
homeostasis - Answer--sum of processes that maintain a constant internal environment
INTAKE: a homeostatic process
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