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Exam (elaborations)

ANW8020 Study Guide 2 Questions And All Correct Answers.

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  • Course
  • NURS 8020
  • Institution
  • NURS 8020

Vulvar cancer risk factors - Answer *Human papillomavirus (HPV) - primarily types 16, 18, 31 *Cigarette smoking *Multiple lifetime sexual partners *Previous STI history or exposure *Previous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) *Lichen sclerosus *Paget's disease *Malignant melanoma *Ba...

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  • November 2, 2024
  • 24
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NURS 8020
  • NURS 8020
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ANW8020 Study Guide 2 Questions And
All Correct Answers.
Vulvar cancer risk factors - Answer *Human papillomavirus (HPV) - primarily types 16, 18, 31

*Cigarette smoking

*Multiple lifetime sexual partners

*Previous STI history or exposure

*Previous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)

*Lichen sclerosus

*Paget's disease

*Malignant melanoma

*Bartholin's cyst

*Primarily postmenopausal (>60% cases in women >60 years old)



Medical therapies of uterine fibroids - Answer ■(does not make fibroids go away, but rather aids
symptom control):

●Progestogens - oral or IUD - targets heavy bleeding; IUD may improve dysmenorrhea; IUD
contraindicated with submucosal fibroid(s)

●GnRH agonists (Lupron, Synarel, Zoladex) - targets shrinking of fibroid; may control heavy bleeding;
only approved for 3 months; effect is only temporary; used prior to surgery or fertility treatment

●Selective estrogen reuptake modulators (SERMs) - off label use; targets shrinking fibroid volume; may
increase cancer risk

●Selective progesterone reuptake modulators (SPRMs) - off label use; targets shrinking fibroid volume;
may increase cancer risk

●Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs) - off label use; targets shrinking fibroid volume

●Combined oral contraceptives (COC) - targets dysmenorrhea; may improve periodic bleeding control

●NSAIDs - targets dysmenorrhea; may improve periodic bleeding control



Vulvar Cancer prevention - Answer *HPV vaccination (Gardasil)

*Limiting the number of sexual partners

,*Use of barrier protection (e.g. condoms)

*Smoking cessation

*Treat vulvar dermatologic disorders (e.g. lichen sclerosus)

*Routine gynecologic exams

*Vulvar self-exam



Vulvar cancer signs and symptoms - Answer *Often asymptomatic

*Vulvar lump/mass - may or may not be painful

*Prolonged vulvar pruritus and vulvar bleeding

*Discharge

*Dysuria

*Raised lesion - warty, ulcerated, or fleshy; varies in color from white to gray, red to brown, or black.

*Single or multiple lesions may be present

*Groin lymphadenopathy may be present



Vulvar cancer Diagnostic Evaluation - Answer *Visual inspection of vulva for lesions

*Lesion biopsy

*Colposcopy may assist in defining extent of disease and assess associative disease of the vagina and
cervix

*CT, MRI, or PET scan of pelvis to detect lymphadenopathy, erosion, and staging of the cancer



vaginal cancer risk factors - Answer -Human papillomavirus (HPV)

-Age 50 and 70 y.o

-multiple lifetime sexual partners

-early age at first intercourse

-current smoker

-Cervical cancer

-Previous radiation therapy

-Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

, Vaginal Cancer Screening - Answer Cervical cytology (or vaginal cytology if the cervix has been
removed) annually.



Vaginal colposcopy and biopsy are indicated if abnormalities are noted on physical examination.



Vaginal Cancer prevention - Answer -Gardasil to prevent cervical cancer and vaginal precancer and
cancer.

-Regular gynecologic examinations

-Quit smoking



Vaginal Cancer signs and symptoms - Answer Vaginal bleeding is the most common clinical
presentation of vaginal cancer.

-Many women are asymptomatic.

-Abnormal vaginal discharge

-Difficulty or pain when urinating

-Pain during sexual intercourse

-Abnormal bowel function



Vaginal Cancer Diagnostic Evaluation - Answer - pelvic examination

-vaginal cytology

- vaginal biopsy

*Definitive diagnosis is accomplished by biopsy



Endometrial Cancer - Answer malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer)



Endometrial cancer risk factors - Answer *Obesity*

- physical inactivity

- long term unopposed exposure to estrogen (unopposed by progesterone)

- estrogen therapy unopposed use for five or more years increases risk by 20%

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