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BIOL 325- MIDTERM with complete verified solutions already graded A+.
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BIOL 325- MIDTERM with complete verified solutions already graded A+.
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BIOL 325- MIDTERMwith complete verified
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Definition of microorganism - answer a unicellular organism that is
simple in structure and cannot be seen with the naked eye
The naming process of organisms - answer Developed by Carolus
Linnaeus. Each organism is assigned two names - the genus (capitalized)
and the species (lowercase) all of which is italicized.
The names can describe an organism, honor a researcher or identify the
habitat of a species.
Seven major groups of microorganisms - answer 1) Bacteria
2) Archaea
3)Fungi
4)Protozoa
5)Algae
6)Viruses
7)Multicellular animal parasites
Biological properties of Bacteria (8) - answer · Simple, single celled
organisms
· Unicellular
· Prokaryotic
· Can be bacillus, coccus or spiral shaped
,· Enclosed in cell walls composed of peptidoglycan
· Reproduce via binary fission
· Use organic chemicals for nutrition
· Motility via flagella
Biological properties of Archaea (5) - answer · Prokaryotic
· Cell walls lacking peptidoglycan
· Found in extreme environments
· Three types: methanogens, extreme halophiles and extreme
thermophiles
· Not known to cause disease in humans
Biological properties of Fungi (6) - answer · Eukaryotic
· Unicellular or multicellular
· Cannot carry out photosynthesis
· Cell wall composed of chitin
· Consists of yeasts, molds and slime molds
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Biological properties of Protozoa (6) - answer · Unicellular
· Eukaryotic
· Move via pseudopods, flagella or cilia
· Live as free entities or as parasites
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
· Some are photosynthetic
Biological properties of Algae (8) - answer · Photosynthetic
· Eukaryotic
· Can reproduce sexually or asexually
· Usually unicellular
,· Cell walls composed of cellulose
· Abundant in freshwater, saltwater, soil and in association with plants
· Produce oxygen and carbohydrates
· Play vital role in balance of nature
Biological properties of Viruses (5) - answer · Very small
· Acellular
· Surrounded by protein coat
· Can only reproduce via a host
· Not living
Biological properties of Multicellular animal parasites (2) - answer ·
Eukaryotic
· Consist of flatworms and roundworms
Four habitats where microorganisms can be found - answer 1) Soil
2)Salt water
3)Thermal vents
4)Human skin
Explanation of what is meant by pathogenic microorganism - answer has
the potential to produce disease
Compare observations of Anton van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke -
answer Anton van Leeuwenhoek: using a microscope was able to see
individual cells, developed the cell theory
Robert Hooke: observed live microorganisms through a magnifying lens
Accomplishments of Linnaeus - answer Created the nomenclature/naming
system for organisms that is used today
, -binomial nomenclature
Definition of golden age of microbiology - answer rapid advances,
spearheaded by Pasteur and Koch led to the establishment of
microbiology as a science
Discuss the work of Pasteur - answer found that yeasts ferment sugars to
alcohol and that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to acetic acid. Also,
showed a causal relationship between microorganisms and disease.
Discuss the work of Lister - answer introduced the use of a disinfectant
to clean surgical wounds in order to control infections
Discuss the work of Koch - answer proved that microorganisms cause
disease
Discuss the work of Ehrlich - answer used the first synthetic
chemotherapeutic agent.
Contributions made by Jenner - answer demonstrated that inoculation
with cowpox material provides humans with immunity to smallpox. Helped
develop vaccines
Contributions made by Fleming - answer observed that the Penicillium
fungus inhibited the growth of bacterial culture. Discovered penicillin and
helped discover antibiotics
Contributions made by Lancefield - answer proposed that streptococci be
classified according to serotypes based on certain components in the cell
walls of the bacteria. Rapid identification of specific pathogenic
streptococci based on immunological techniques
What is the theory of spontaneous generation? - answer life an arise
spontaneously from nonliving matter such as dead corpses and soil.
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