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NSG 532 Exam 4 with complete solutions 2024.
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NSG 532 Exam 4 with complete solutions 2024.
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lOMoARcPSD|41562175NSG 532 Exam 4 with complete solutions 2024
Define kImmunology k- kANSWER✓✓-The kscience kof kself k(well kordered khost) kand knon-self
k(pathogens/disordered kself) kdiscrimination
Define kphysiologic kresponses kof kthe kimmune ksystem k- kANSWER✓✓-Proper kself
krecognition
Effective kimmune kresponses
Complete kelimination
Long klasting kremembrance
Define kpathological kresponses kof kthe kimmune ksystem k- kANSWER✓✓-Hyperactivity
-autoimmunity
-hypersensitivity
Hypoactivity
-immune kdeficiencies
-malignancies
-infections
Describe kpossible kthings kthat kcan kbe kconsidered k"non-self" k- kANSWER✓✓-Obligatory
kintra/extracellular kmicrobes
Facultative kintracellular kmicrobes
Opportunistic kmicrobes
Transformed/mutated kcells
Diseased kcells
Aged/dead kcells
Infected/toxic kcells
Mismatched ktransplanted kcells
Define kan kepitope k- kANSWER✓✓-The kpart kof kthe kantigen kthat kis kspecifically krecognized
kby kantibodies
, lOMoARcPSD|41562175
Also kcalled kan kantigenic kdeterminant k---meaning kantibodies kinteraction kwith kthe
kantigen/epitope kwill kdetermine kthe kimmune kresponse
What kis kthe kdifference kbetween kan kantigen kand kimmunogen? k- kANSWER✓✓-Both kare
ktypes kof kepitopes
Antigen
-Provokes kweak/no kimmune kresponse
-Can kreact kwith kimmune kresponse kproducts
-produces kweak kor kno kmemory
Immunogen
-Provokes kstrong kimmune kresponse
-can kreact kwith kimmune kresponse kproduct
-produces klong-lasting kmemory
What kis ka khapten? k- kANSWER✓✓-A knon-immunogenic kepitope
When ka khapten kcomes kin kcontact kwith ka kcarrier kprotein, kthe kcomplex kbecomes
kimmunogenic
What kcriteria kare kimmunogens kjudged kupon? k- kANSWER✓✓-Degree kof kforeigness
Size/molecular kweight
Chemical knature/complexity
Ability kto kdegrade
Dose
Route kof kpresentation
What kare kthe kprimary kimmune korgans? k- kANSWER✓✓-Thymus
Bone kMarrow
These kare kwhere kdifferentiation, kproliferation, kand kmaturation kof kstem kcells koccurs kto
kturn kthem kinto kimmune kcells
What kare kthe ksecondary kimmune korgans? k- kANSWER✓✓-Lymph kNodes
Peyers kpatches
Tonsils
Appendix
These kare kwhere kinteraction kbetween kself kand knon-self koccurs
Initiation kof kimmune kresponses koccurs khere
, lOMoARcPSD|41562175
Describe kthe kroute kof ka khematopoeitic kstem kcell kin kthe kbone kmarrow kas kit kmoves kto
kbecome kan kimmune kcell k- kANSWER✓✓-HSC kis kdifferentiated kin kbone kmarrow kto
kbecome ka kLymphoid kStem kCell
LSC kdifferentiates kinto kB kcells kin kthe kbone kmarrow kand kthen kto klymph knode
LSC kcan kalso kgo kto kthymus kwhere kthey kwill kbe kdifferentiated kinto kT kcells kand kthen kto
kthe klymph knode
What kcells kin kthe kthymus ktrigger kdifferentiation? k- kANSWER✓✓-Stromal kepithelial kcells
ktrigger kdifferentiation kand kmaturation kof kthymocytes
What khormones ktrigger kthe kthymus kto kmature kand kdifferentiate kthymocytes? k-
kANSWER✓✓-Thymosine khormone
Growth kFactors
Cytokines
Where kdo kThymocytes kenter kthe kThymus? k- kANSWER✓✓-The kcorticomedullary kjunction
kof kthe kthymus
What koccurs kin kthe kcortex kof kthe kthymus? k- kANSWER✓✓-The kearliest kphases kof
kthymocyte kdevelopment kand kpositive kselection, kalso kthe kstart kof knegative kselection
What koccurs kin kthe kmedulla kof kthe kthymus? k- kANSWER✓✓-Thymocytes kcomplete
knegative kselection kand kalso kremoval kof kautoreactive kT kcells
Describe kthe koverall kprocess kof kT kCell kdifferentiation kin kthe kthymus k- kANSWER✓✓-T
kCell kPrecursors k(CD3+CD4-CD8-TCR-) kenter kthe kthymus kthrough kthe kcortico-medullary
kjunction kand klocalize kto kthe kcortical kside
They kreceive kthe kdifferentiation ksignal kand kmigrate kto kthe kmid kcortex kwhere kthey
kexpress kthe kT kCell kReceptor k(TCR)
TCR+ kcells kthen kdifferentiate kfurther kinto kdouble kpositive kT kcells kwith kCD4+ kand kCD8+
Double kpositive kT kcells kare ktested kfor kautoreactivity. kThose kthat kcan kdistinguish kself
kfrom knon-self kreceive ka ksurvival ksignal
Double kpositive kT kcells ksplit kinto kfully kmature ksingle kpositive kT kcells keither kdisplaying
kCD4+ kor kCD8+
Define kpositive kselection k- kANSWER✓✓-The kprocess kin kwhich kdouble kpositive kT kCells
kare krescued kfrom kapoptosis kand ktheir kdifferentiation kinto kmature kCD4+ kand kCD8+ kT
kcells kis kinduced
Describe knegative kselection k- kANSWER✓✓-PRevention kof kthe kmaturation kof khazardous
kautoreactive kT kcells kwith kself-reactive kreceptors
Where kdoes kB kCell kdifferentiation koccur? k- kANSWER✓✓-The kbone kmarrow
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