ch20 review questions
Which of the following statements is false? Atmospheric oxygen:
is necessary for the respiration of multicellular organisms.
provides the raw material for ozone.
was originally introduced by the photosynthesis of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria).
is supplied m...
Which of the following statements is false? Atmospheric oxygen:
is necessary for the respiration of multicellular organisms.
provides the raw material for ozone.
was originally introduced by the photosynthesis of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria).
is supplied mainly by chemical breakdown of carbonate rocks like limestone.
reached a peak of about 35% during the late Paleozoic (coal age). - ANS is supplied
mainly by chemical breakdown of carbonate rocks like limestone.
It's supplied by the activity of photosynthetic organisms (green plants). (Section refs: 20.2, p.
681)
Which of the following statements is false? Hurricanes:
begin as tropical disturbances off the east coast of South America.
can be several hundreds of kilometers in diameter.
are called typhoons in the western Pacific, and cyclones in the Indian Ocean.
track across the Atlantic and do damage in the Caribbean and along the Gulf Coast and eastern
coast of North America.
have their strongest winds in the eye wall, but their calmest region in the eye. - ANS begin
as tropical disturbances off the east coast of South America.
Hurricanes begin in the central Atlantic, off the west coast of Africa. See Figs. 20.30 and 20.31.
(Section refs: 20.6, p. 703)
Which of the following statements is false? Lightning:
occurs when a positively charged cloud base induces a negative charge in Earth's surface.
involves a conductive path or leader of negative ions from cloud to ground.
is composed of both upward and downward flows of ions.
can stay within a cloud or travel back and forth between the cloud and the ground.
may be accompanied by the sound of explosively expanding hot air called thunder. - ANS
occurs when a positively charged cloud base induces a negative charge in Earth's surface.
A cloud has a negatively charged base that repels negative ions of the ground surface, thus
creating a positively charged ground surface. (Section refs: 20.6, p. 700)
Which of the following statements is false? Hurricanes:
by definition have minimum winds of 119 km/h (74 mph).
die out when they cross over cold waters or onto land.
, occur, on the average, several dozen times per year on the North American east coast.
do damage with their intense winds and rainfall, huge waves, and storm surges.
result when tropical depressions grow stronger. - ANS occur, on the average, several
dozen times per year on the North American east coast.
The North American east coast averages five hurricanes per year, although 2005 saw an
exceptionally high number of named storms. (Section refs: 20.6, p. 706)
Which of the following statements is false? Prevailing winds:
are surface winds.
are the base of convective cells.
are named according to the direction they blow toward.
include the northeast and southeast tradewinds, which blow westward between the equator and
30° N and S latitudes.
blow approximately parallel to the high- and low-pressure belts surrounding Earth. - ANS
are named according to the direction they blow toward.
Winds are named according to the direction they blow from. See Figs. 20.11 and 20.13. (Section
refs: 20.4, p. 690)
Identify the false statement. El Niño:
Spanish for "the Christ child," was named this because the phenomenon occurs in late
December.
is regulated by air pressure cells shifting back and forth across the Atlantic.
is regulated by the southern oscillation.
involves eastward flowing warm surface currents that suppress upwelling of nutrient-rich cold
water along the coast of South America.
can cause temporary climate changes worldwide. - ANS is regulated by air pressure cells
shifting back and forth across the Atlantic.
The cells are shifting across the Pacific, not the Atlantic. (Section refs: 20.7, p. 712)
Earth's atmosphere:
is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% trace amounts of various gases.
contains aerosols, which are tiny droplets of water and acid and particles of sea salt, volcanic
ash, clay, soot, and pollen.
is becoming more polluted due to the burning of fossil fuels.
in some locations contains enough sulfates and nitrates to create acid rain.
All of the possible answers are correct. - ANS All of the possible answers are correct.
When air moves from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, with no addition or
subtraction of heat:
it contracts.
its molecules speed up.
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