,_________________ - The degree to which a study appropriately answers the question
being asked or appropriately measures what it intends to measure. - ANSWER VALIDITY
________________ - The degree to which a study or measurement is reproducible. -
ANSWER RELIABILITY
Where you find a problem of article? - ANSWER in the 1st paragraph of the introduction
Where you find a objective of article? - ANSWER Usually listed in last paragraph of
Introduction
what the study intends to accomplish is ______________
why the study was done is ______________ - ANSWER objective (aim)
Problem
What is the Null Hypothesis? - ANSWER The result if the finding of the statistical test is
negative or not significant.
__________ - superiority trial - one treatment is better than another
___________ - equivalence trial or noninferiority trial - treatments are equivalent - this
must be powered for Β - ANSWER H1
H0
What is harder to prove H1 or H0? - ANSWER H0 is harder to prove than H1
The flow diagram is intended to depict the passage of participants through an
___________. - ANSWER RCT
, The revised flow diagram depicts information from four stages of a trial. Name the
stages - ANSWER enrollment, intervention allocation, follow-up, and analysis
Flow diagram in RCT explicitly shows the number of participants, for each intervention
group, included in the primary data analysis. Inclusion of these numbers allows the
reader to judge whether the authors have done an ____________. - ANSWER
intention-to-treat analysis
In a ____________, isolation of the independent variable is NOT a concern because it is
taken care of by the research design - ANSWER randomized clinical trial
Selection bias is taken care of by _______________ in an RCT. - ANSWER randomization
What Types of Error and Bias are dealt with by statistics?
What Types of Error and Bias are dealt with by experimental design? - ANSWER 1.
Sampling error
2. Selection bias
Information bias
Confounding
Types of Error and Bias of most concern in observational studies - ANSWER •Selection
bias
•Information bias
•Confounding
Types of Error and Bias of most concern in studies that test hypotheses? - ANSWER
•Sampling error
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