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RDCS Exam| Questions with Complete Solutions To Guarantee Pass
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RDCS Exam| Questions with CompleteSolutions To Guarantee Pass
What is lupus? - ✔systemic disease causing inflammatory reaction that may be widespread
or focal and involves the pericardium, myocardium, and valves
what is lupus associated with? - ✔slight increase in arterial pressure, arteritis,
Raynaud's disease, and myopericarditis
what affect does lupus cause on the valves? - ✔causes non-bacterial wart-like lesions on
the valves (Libman-sacks Verrucae) that are indistinguishable from vegetations
marantic endocarditis = ? - ✔non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
what is pericarditis? - ✔acute or chronic (constrictive) inflammation of the outer layer
of tissues surrounding the heart
causes of pericarditis - ✔infection
neoplasm
,inflammatory disease
radiation treatment to the torso
chronic steroid use
recent cardiac surgery
what is a delayed form of pericarditis that occurs 1-12 weeks after an MI? - ✔Dressler
syndrome
most common symptom of acute pericarditis - ✔chest pain
what does pericarditis lead to? - ✔pericardial fluid formation
what is pericarditis best seen with? - ✔cardiac MRI
signs and symptoms of acute pericarditis - ✔- dyspnea, pain with breathing
- fever
- cough
- positional chest pain
- elevated cardiac enzymes
- pericardial rub
- widespread ST elevation or PR depression
What is constrictive pericarditis? - ✔inflammatory processes of the pericardium that
may cause calcification, adhesions, and fibrosis with thickening of the pericardial layers
- these fibrous changes limit the ability of the diastolic expansion of the cardiac chambers
causing restricted diastolic filling
, what is the most common idiopathic or complication of pericardiotomy? - ✔constrictive
pericarditis
what is the best way to diagnose constrictive pericarditis? - ✔cardiac catheterization
what is a common characteristic of chronic pericarditis seen on a CT/MRI exam? - ✔eggshell
calcification
how is constrictive pericarditis treated? - ✔by pericardiectomy where some (or all) of
the pericardium is removed to relieve pressures on the heart
what effect will post pericardiectomy have on the heart? - ✔demonstrates increased
cardiac motion in the chest
signs and symptoms of constrictive pericarditis - ✔dyspnea
ascites
jugular vein distension
pericardial "knocking" murmur
what is shown on 2D and M-mode with constrictive pericarditis? - ✔IVS "bounce" in
early diastole; helps distinguish from restrictive cardiomyopathy
what is dilated with constrictive pericarditis? - ✔IVC, IJV, hepatic veins, LA can be enlarged
Doppler findings with constrictive pericarditis - ✔- Mitral velocity increases >25%
with expiration
- tricuspid velocity increases >25% with inspiration
- equal RV and LV diastolic pressures
- E/A ration >1.5 (diastolic dysfunction)
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