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ANT 2100 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANT 2100 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ANT 2100 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSartifacts - Answers-human made objects retrieved from sites that are the primary source
of information for archaeologists
BC - Answers-("before Christ"): For instance, 3200BC; note that the letters follow the
date.
AD - Answers-("anno Domini"): Meaning "in the year of the Lord," indicates a year that
falls within the Christian era (that is, after the birth of Christ). Given the English
translation of the phrase, archaeologists place the "AD" before the numerical age- we
say the Norman Invasion occurred in "AD 1066" rather than "1066 AD." The earliest AD
date is AD 1; there is no AD 0 because this year is denoted by 0 BC and double
numbering is not allowed.
CE - Answers-("Common Era"): Basically the same as AD, except that it is intended to
avoid religious connotations or privilege.
BCE - Answers-("before Common Era"): The same as BC, but as CE, it avoid the
religious connotation.
BP - Answers-("Before Present"):Most archaeologists prefer to use an age estimate
(with AD 1950 arbitrarily selected as zero
Antiquarianism - Answers-With the goal to map, record, and preserve national
treasures, members of Europe's leisure classes considered an interest in classical
antiquities to be an important ingredient in the"cultivation of taste."
Nabonidus - Answers-the last king of the neo-babylonian empire and the "first
archaeologist" he rebuilt temples and searched foundations for inscriptions of earlier
kings , looked to things to answer questions about the past
Francesco Petrarch - Answers-During the renaissance he proposed that the remote
past was an ideal of perfection and he looked to antiquity for moral philosophy
What is deep time? - Answers-The idea that our planet's history stretches back over a
period of time so long that it is difficult for the human mind to imagine.
James Ussher - Answers-used the Bible to calculate the Earth's age (6000 yrs) creation
on 4004 BC
classical archaeology - Answers-the branch of archaeology that studies the "classical
studies,"particularly ancient Greece and Rome, and the Near East
, New world archaeology - Answers-involved Euro-Americans digging up Native
Americans' ancestors, leading to a consideration of the ethical treatment of
archaeological remains.13
Alfred Vincent Kidder (1885-1963) - Answers-Graduated from Harvard with the 6th Ph.D
in anthropology and archaeology. Using potsherds, explained how ceramic decoration
could help determine cultural relationships among various prehistoric
groups.Established archaeology as "the branch of anthropology which deals with
prehistoric peoples": from things to people
Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae: The First Professional Archaeologist - Answers-
Professional arcaheologists had to set out to create a chronology of the collections
generated by antiquarians. Jens, J.A. Worsaae, a native of Denmark (1821-1885), was
fascinated by artifacts.He received informal training from Christian Thomsen (1788-
1865) who devised the typological scheme of Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron
AgeIntroduced inquiry into archaeology: excavating to answer questions
Middens - Answers-ancient garbage dumps/trash heaps
postherds - Answers-Pottery fragments often used by researchers to date and gather
information about lost cultures
Gertrude Caton-Thompson (1888-1985) - Answers-Advanced archaeology, intellectually
and studied various disciplines. Studied settlement patterns: excavated a village site in
EgyptConducted interdisciplinary work: surveyed the northern Fayum Desert in Egypt,
working with Sir Flinders PetrieEstablished the importance of site stratigraphy, a site's
physical structure produced by the deposition of geological and/or cultural sediments
into layers, or strata, to reveal age and original inhabitants Great Zimbabwe site proved
the indigenous people built site
culture history - Answers-documenting how material culture changed over time and
space.
H. Marie Wormington: Ancient Man of North America - Answers-The second woman
admitted to study in Harvard's anthropology department. First American anthropologists
to enter the former Soviet Union and People's Republic of China.Among the women
stereotyped as unsuited for the rigor of archaeology"H.M. Wormington" conceals her
genderFirst research topic was "paleoindian" archaeologyIt is not the artifacts, but the
information they can provide about cultures and people that is important.
Lewis R. Binford: Archaeology's Angry Young Man - Answers-Influenced by the cultural
climate of the 60s to study culture change.Recognized need to: address cultural
evolution, ecology, and social organization, study cultural contextsmake use of scientific
methods and quantitative techniques, random samplingscrutinize firsthand the operation
of disappearing cultural adaptations"New Archaeology
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