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BIOD 171 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers

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BIOD 171 Final Exam Study Guide Questions and Answers What is microbiology the study of? - Ans:-microbes and their biological processes What is the smallest biological unit of life? - Ans:-cell What are the characteristics of life? - Ans:-movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, metabol...

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  • October 22, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • BIOD 171
  • BIOD 171
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BIOD 171 Final Exam Study Guide

Questions and Answers


What is microbiology the study of? - Ans:✔✔-microbes and their biological processes


What is the smallest biological unit of life? - Ans:✔✔-cell


What are the characteristics of life? - Ans:✔✔-movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction,

metabolism, homeostasis, and organization


What is a macromolecule? - Ans:✔✔-a complex molecule that is composed from smaller subunits


What are the four main types of macromolecules? - Ans:✔✔-protein, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates


What is the most prominent macromolecule in the body? - Ans:✔✔-protein


What are the functions of proteins in a cell? - Ans:✔✔-Movement, catalyzing, support, storage,

transportation, communication in the cell, defense


what is the most abundant cell type? - Ans:✔✔-Prokaryotic


What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? - Ans:✔✔-DNA and RNA



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DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable

characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA

and using it to synthesize proteins.


What is the plasma membrane and what is it made of? - Ans:✔✔-The plasma membrane serves the cell

as a surrounding barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment.

The plasma membrane also restricts the movement of materials (water, nutrients, etc) either in or out of

the cell, thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is needed (influx) while also preventing the escape

(out flux) of essential nutrients. The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (hydrophobic

hydrocarbons).


What are the three main components of carbohydrates? - Ans:✔✔-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen


What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - Ans:✔✔-Eukaryotic cells

contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region within the cell that contains the genetic material.

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and can be further classified as either Bacteria or Archaea.


What are the main morphologies of bacteria? - Ans:✔✔-coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio

(curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew)


what are the 2 main branches of prokaryotes? - Ans:✔✔-bacteria and archaea


Which group of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions? - Ans:✔✔-Archaea


What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? - Ans:✔✔-Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista
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Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - Ans:✔✔-No they are not considered living

because


What is the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane composed of? - Ans:✔✔-polar hydrophilic (water

loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region


-hydrophobic tail faces inward and and polar head interacts with water outside and inside the cell


What are the primary cellular organelles and their roles? - Ans:✔✔-Ribosomes (protein synthesis), ER

(site of protein synthesis), Golgi (protein modification and distribution), lysosomes (waste disposal),

mitochondria (ATP generation) and chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis).


Proteins are formed from various combinations of ______ of which there are ____ known forms -

Ans:✔✔-amino acids, 20


What is an essential amino acid? - Ans:✔✔-An essential amino acid cannot be produced by the human

body and as such must be take in from the environment through alternative sources (i.e) food.


What do eukaryotic cell membranes have that prokaryotic cell membranes don't? - Ans:✔✔-sterol lipids

(ex: cholesterol)


Functions of plasma membrane? - Ans:✔✔-Proteins in membrane allow the import of nutrients or

export of molecules (wastes, signaling molecules)


Protein sensors receive information about the environment or messages from other cells


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