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560D Adv Clinical Biochem Comp Exam With Complete Solutions
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560D Adv Clinical Biochem Comp Exam With Complete Solutions
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
560D Clinical Biochemistry- COMP Review
With Complete Solutions
G6PD deficiency
- Most common enzyme deficiency known to cause hemolysis
- it reduces NADP to NADPH
G6PD Deficiency leads to increased oxidant stress and RBC lysis leading to ______
acute hemolytic anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
X linked mutation of ALA synthase which also contains an iron response element (IRE)
IRE blocks translation of ALA synthase
Mutation on ALA synthase causes excess iron in mitochondria
Heme synthesis is impaired because need ALA synthase to start the pathway of heme production
Fe deficiency
Dietary deficiency, poor absorption, blood loss
Microcytic RBCs
- Absorption via Divalent Metal transporter
competition with Zn, Mn, Cu
- requires Vit. C and Cu for absorption
Importance of delta-aminolevulinic acid
- Rate limiting step of porphyrin biosynthesis and heme biosynthesis
- Requires pyridoxine
Which of the following factors can increase likelihood of getting iron deficiency anemia?
- Heavy menstruation
- Celiac disease
- Deficiency of copper
Anemia of chronic disease can be caused from prolonged inflammation (IL-6, cytokines, infection), which increases level
of __________________ to sequester iron in tissues so germs can't use the iron to reproduce.
Hepcidin
What are the four conditionally essential amino acids?
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
Arg, Gln, Gly, Tau
Mutations in the SN1-SN2 transporter can lead to elevations in what 3 AA?
Gln, Asn, His
The central energy pathways begin with digestion and assimilation of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Long chain FA
require the use of the _________________ shuttle to help them enter the mitochondrial for beta-oxidation.
Carnitine
Inhibition of CoQ10 synthesis from statin drugs, will typically reveal elevations in urinary_____________________
Hydroxymethylglutarate
When considering toxic exposures, through what barriers and routes of entry can lipophilic (fat loving) toxins be
absorbed?
Through the GI tract
Through the skin
Through the lymphatics
in utero
One of the phthalate esters used in plastic wrap to cover foods can lead to decreased kidney function, increased cysts,
increased peroxisome proliferation and even liver cancer in rats. This is a concern to humans because
________________ is used in plastic tubing for hemodialysis
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
General anemia symptoms
Pallor
Weakness
Fatigue
Exercise dyspnea
Palpitations
Pica
Syncope
Dizziness
Headache
Irritability
Difficulty sleeping or concentrating
Fe deficiency risk factors
- Cu deficiency
- Heavy menstruation
- Celiac
- IBS
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