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UTT NURS 3303 Exam 4 Questions 100% Solved.

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UTT NURS 3303 Exam 4 Questions 100% Solved. Types of Bone - answer- cortical: solid, dense - trabecular: aka cancellous, non-solid, has an inner meshwork making the bone porous (more susceptible to osteoporosis) Osteoblasts - answerBONE-FORMING CELLS that start bone mineralization by secreting...

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  • October 20, 2024
  • 86
  • 2024/2025
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  • NURS 3303
  • NURS 3303
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sirjoel
©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/11/2024 1:41 PM



UTT NURS 3303 Exam 4 Questions 100%
Solved.


Types of Bone - answer✔- cortical: solid, dense


- trabecular: aka cancellous, non-solid, has an inner meshwork making the bone porous (more

susceptible to osteoporosis)


Osteoblasts - answer✔BONE-FORMING CELLS that start bone mineralization by secreting

osteoid


Osteocytes - answer✔mature osteoblasts - retain metabolism including nutrient and waste

exchange, do not divide


Osteoclasts - answer✔responsible for BONE REABSORPTION & DEGRADATION of existing

bone, the opposite of osteoblasts


Osteoblasts & Osteoclasts are... - answer✔the primary bone remodeling cells - basic

multicellular unit (BMU)


New Bone Growth - answer✔bone grows & enlarges in the process MODELING, where

osteoblastic activity predominates

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/11/2024 1:41 PM


Bone Resorption - answer✔once the bone reaches maturity, breakdown and renewal is caused by

osteoclasts in a process called REMODELING - - osteoclasts adhere to bone & break it down

through acidification & proteolytic enzymes


BONE FORMATION & RESORPTION.. - answer✔OCCUR SIMUTANEOUSLY - THE

BALNCE DETERMINES SKELETAL MASS & HEALING AFTER INJURY


After 30... - answer✔osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity in a steady decrease in bone

mass (density)


Bone Physiology - CALCIUM - answer✔Healthy bone production IS DIRECTLY RELATED

TO THE CALCIUM content of bone & availability

1. parathyroid hormone (PTH-posterior pituitary hormone)

2. Vitamin D (aka calcitriol)

3. Calcitonin - suppresses osteoclasts w/ high Ca+ level


Weight-bearing Stress - answer✔impact the rate of bone remodeling and BONE STRENGTH.

Androgens & estrogen also affect bone health


CALCIUM - answer✔- calcium absorption from GI tract is facilitated by Vit D


- Vit.D activation is dependent on kidney & parathyroid fxn & sunlight exposure

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/11/2024 1:41 PM


- w/out Vit.D, calcium cannot be absorbed causing hypocalcemia - parathyroid stimulated -

releases PTH - stimulates bone osteoclasts to break down bone releasing calcium

- excess release of Ca+ from bone isblocked by calcitonin (thyroid hormone)


Sprain - answer✔over-stretching of a ligament with possible tear due to twisting or pulling of a

muscle

- most common site: ankle

- S/S: swelling, bruising, pain w movement


Strain - answer✔over-stretching of tendons and muscle


- site: often lower back & hamstring due to muscle over use

- S/S: pain, limited ROM, muscle spasms


Fracture - answer✔any disruption complete or incomplete in the continuity of a bone


- a fx happens when a normal force of tension, compression, bending, contortion becomes

excessive OR weakened bone structure


Open/Compound Fracture - answer✔protrudes outside of body


- risk: soft tissue injury, infection

- TX: surgical repair ORIF (open reduction internal fixation)

, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/11/2024 1:41 PM


Closed/Complete Fracture - answer✔bone fragments separate completely, are not displaced and

remain beneath overlying tissue

- TX: casting, ORIF


Incomplete Fracture - answer✔bone fragments remain partially joined


Compression Fracture - answer✔crushing of cancellous bone


Stress Fracture - answer✔bone damage from repetitive activity


Transverse Fx - answer✔bone is separated but still close


Comminuted Fx - answer✔more than one fracture line with shattered/crushed bone *complex


Greenstick Fx - answer✔incomplete break - bone is intact (children)


Avulsion Fx - answer✔separation of a small part of bone at site of attachment of ligament or

tendon


Oblique Fx - answer✔completely displaced, apart *complex


Goal of Reduction (tx for fractures) - answer✔**alignment of bone


- closed reduction = device is used outside (external fixation devices)

- open reduction (ORIF) = surgical intervention - use of pins

**EARLY stabilization of LONG bone ex's prevents fatty emboli!!

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