First Aid and CPR/AED Level C All Answers Correct
ABCs Airway
. Open
. If unconscious, perform head-tilt/chin-lift
Breathing
. Check for 5-10s: - Place cheek close to person's face to hear & feel air coming out of person's mouth & nose - Simultaneously watch chest rising & falling
. Gas...
- Place cheek close to person's face to hear & feel air coming out of person's mouth & nose
- Simultaneously watch chest rising & falling
. Gasping for air = agonal respiration
- Indicates cardiac arrest
Circulation
. Look for life-threatening bleeding
Head-tilt/chin-lift ✅1. One hand on forehead & 2 or 3 fingers under chin
2. Lift head back until chin points upwards
Obvious signs of death ✅. Torso transection, decapitation & decomp
. Leave scene as is & call EMS
When to move an injured person ✅. Position prevents you from giving care for life-threatening injury
. Person is blocking access to more injured person
. Scene becomes dangerous
Rolling a person from face-down ✅1. Support head
2. Roll person as one unit
3. Head-tilt/chin-lift
,4. Check ABCs
Call ✅. Ask bystander to call EMS if person is unresponsive or has life-threatening injury
. If alone, yell for help
- If no one responds, call then return to person
. If bystander leaves to make call, ask that they come back & tell you what dispatcher said
. Get first aid kit & AED
If you are alone, call first or care first? ✅Call EMS first unless:
. Person is choking or anaphylactic & has epinephrine
. Person has life-threatening bleeding
- Apply pressure then call
. Unresponsive child or baby not breathing
- 2 min CPR then call
Recovery Position ✅. For unresponsive or altered responsive
1. Raise arm closest to you
2. Place arm farthest from you across chest w/ palm resting against cheek
3. Raise knee of farthest leg
4. Roll person by pulling raised knee & supporting head & neck
5. Position person on side, & slide bent knee to prevent person from rolling onto face
6. Move outer arm into comfortable position in front of body
7. Reassess ABCs
When to stop giving care ✅. Another first aider or EMS takes over
. You are too exhausted
. Scene becomes dangerous
,Helping an ill or injured person w/ meds ✅. Check that it's the right meds
. If prescription, check that it was prescribed for person taking it
. Read instructions
. Read label when you find meds & before administering
. Ask abt allergies or drug interactions
. Write down what meds were taken, how much & when for EMS
Secondary assessment ✅Checking person for other conditions after caring for life-threatening injuries
SAMPLE ✅(Secondary assessment part 1)
Signs & symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to emergency
Check vitals ✅(Secondary assessment part 2)
. Responsiveness
. Breathing
. Skin (look to inside of lips, nail beds or skin around mouth)
Focused examination ✅(Secondary assessment part 3)
. If responsive & able to answer questions
1. Explain that examination is to find injuries
2. Ask if anything hurts or feels uncomfortable
3. If person indicates area, look for signs of injury (do not remove clothing unless it impedes first aid)
4. If no signs of injury, ask focused questions abt how person feels
, 5. If you find medical identification, read
6. If person does not complain of pain & there are no signs of injuries, ask person to rest in comfortable
positions & check vitals & ABCs. If there are no problems, help person to stand
7. Decide whether to call EMS, & provide first aid as needed
Hands-on check ✅(Secondary assessment part 3)
. If breathing but unresponsive
. Look for bumps, soft spots, deformity, bruising, bleeding & around person for blood or bodily fluids
1. Start at head, then chest, abdomen, & legs before arms
2. Feel ribs for deformity & watch rib cage as person breathes (if responsive, ask to take deep breath)
3. Press on abdomen gently. If it feels hard or pressure is painful, check for bruising
4. Do not check underneath person b/c there could be objects that could hurt you
Keep calm ✅. Maintain eye contact
. Breathe with person in through nose while raising arm & counting to 5
. Breathe out through mouth audibly while lowering arm & counting to 10
. Repeat 3-5 times
Should you transport an ill or injured person to the hospital? ✅Only if:
. Person is a friend or family member
. Person's injuries are minor & non-life-threatening
. No risk of person's condition worsening
. No risk of person experiencing altered responsiveness
What to look for: shock ✅. Cool, clammy skin
. Pale skin
. Weakness
. Confusion
. Excessive thirst
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