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Nutrition Final Exam Renal Disease Questions and Answers
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Nutrition Final Exam Renal Disease Questions and Answers
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Nutrition Final Exam: Renal DiseaseQuestions and Answers
Functions iiof iithe iikidney ii- iiAnswers ii-1) iiExcretion iiof iiwaste iiproducts
◦Metabolic iiwaste iisuch iias iiurea iinitrogen, iicreatinine, iiand iiammonia
◦Electrolytes iisuch iias iiP iiand iiK+
◦Drugs iiand iitoxins
2) iiSalt iiand iiwater iiregulation
3) iiAcid iibase iiregulation
4) iiConserve iiwater, iiamino iiacids, iiproteins, iiand iiglucose
5) iiProduce iihormones ii(erythropoietin iiand iiprostaglandins)
6) iiMetabolize iivitamin iiD iito iiactive iiform
7) iiGlucose iisynthesis
Which iitypes iiof iiRenal iiFailure ii(pre-renal, iirenal, iipost-renal) iiare iinutritionally
iiresponsive? ii- iiAnswers ii-1) iiPerfusion ii(pre-renal) ii= iiwater iiresponsive
2) iiProcessing ii(renal) ii= ii*nutritionally iiresponsive*
3) iiDischarge ii(post) ii= ii*±nutritionally iiresponsive*
•Renal iidisease iiprimarily iiaffects iione iiof iifour iisubdivisions iiof iithe iikidney: ii- iiAnswers ii-
1.Blood iivessels
2.Glomeruli
3.Tubules
4.Interstitium
Consequences iiof iirenal iidisease ii- iiAnswers ii-1.Intravascular iiaccumulation iiof
iimetabolic iiwastes
2.Reduced iiblood iipH ii(metabolic iiacidosis)
3.Alteration iiin iiplasma iiion iiconcentrations ii(K+, iiCa++, iiand iiPO4-)
4.Hypertension
Glomerular iidisease ii- iiAnswers ii-•Leakage iiof iismall iimolecular iisized iiproteins
ii(albumin ii/ iibence-jones iiproteins) iiinto iiglomerular iifiltrate
•Albumin iicannot iiall iibe iireabsorbed iiby iiproximal iiconvoluted iitubules
•Results iiin iiproteinuria
Tubulointerstitial iidisease ii- iiAnswers ii-•complex iiinterplay iibetween iifactors iiin iithe
iitubular iilumen, iitubular iiepithelial iicells, iiperitubular iicapillaries, iiresident iiand iiinfiltrating
iiinterstitial iicells, iiextracellular iimatrix;
•leads iito iiinterstitial ii*inflammation iiand iifibrosis*
, Renal iidisease ii- iiAnswers ii-Renal iidamage iior iireduction iiin iiGFR iithat iipersists iifor iiat
iileast ii3 iimonths;
•Loss iiof iifunctional iirenal iimass ii→ iihypertrophy iiof iiremaining iinephrons
•Self-perpetuating iinephron iiloss ii→ iiAzotemia, iiUremia, iiDeath
Staging iiof iiRenal iiDisease ii- iiAnswers ii-Stage iibased iion iiplasma iicreatinine;
Sub-staging iibased iion iiProteinuria iiand iiHypertension
At iiwhat iistage iiof iirenal iidisease iidoes iinutritional iiintervention iistart? ii- iiAnswers ii-
Stage ii2;
but ii*use iistage iiof iirenal iidisease iias iia iiguide iito iiinitiate iitherapeutic iirenal iidiet* ii-
iimore iisevere iidisease iiindicates iimore iineed iifor iirenal iidiet
Nutritional iiIntervention iiGoals ii- iiAnswers ii-1) iiMeet iinutrient iiand iienergy iirequirements;
2) iiAlleviate iisigns iiof iiuremia;
3) iiMinimize iidisturbances iiin iiFluids, iiElectrolytes, iiVitamins iiand iiMinerals, iiAcid-base
iibalance;
4) iiSlow iiprogression iiof iidisease
Nutrients iiof iiConcern iiin iirenal iidisease ii- iiAnswers ii-1) iiWater;
2) iiProtein;
3) iiMinerals ii- iiPhosphorus, iiPotassium, iiSodium;
4) iiB iivitamins;
5) iiOmega-3 iifatty iiacids
What iiis iithe ii#1 iiingredient iishown iito ii*slow iithe iiprogression* iiof iirenal iidisease? ii-
iiAnswers ii-phosphorus
What's iithe iimain iiimpact iiof iiprotein iiin iithe iidiet iiof iian iianimal iiwith iirenal iidisease? ii-
iiAnswers ii-Goal: iiBalance iiintake iito iiminimize iiuremic iisigns iiand iiprevent iiprotein
iimalnutrition;
but, iithe iibiggest iieffect iiis iiits iiimpact iion iiphosphorus
•Protein iisource iiwith iirenal iidisease? ii- iiAnswers ii-•High iibiologic iivalue ii- iihigh iinumber
iiof iiAA iiper iiunit iiof iiprotein;
•Highly iidigestible
PROS iiof iiprotein iirestriction iiin iia iipatient iiwith iirenal iidisease ii- iiAnswers ii-•↓
iiProduction iiof iinitrogenous iiwastes
•Alleviate iisigns iiof iiuremia
•Maintain iiacid-base iibalance
•Protein iimetabolism ii→ iiH+production
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