MSN 570 Advance Patho Exam Questions with Latest Update
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Course
MSN 570
Institution
MSN 570
MI - Answer-Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - Answer-unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
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MSN 570 Advance Patho Exam
Questions with Latest Update
MI - Answer-Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - Answer-unstable plaque breaks off, triggering platelet
aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation. continued no blood flow in
10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - Answer-hypoxia as cannot meet cell
demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - Answer-EKG (STEMI) or elevated Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - Answer-elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - Answer-Release of lysosomal
enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released from damaged
heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - Answer-ischemia, necrosis,
reperfussion l/t RAS
define reperfussion injury - Answer-injury that occurs after oxygen is reintroduced to
tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - Answer-as oxygen is
reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins triggering inflammatory
response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - Answer-RAS causes impairment of cell
membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - Answer-Essential or idiopathic, elevated BP without an
identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - Answer-Elevated BP, labile BP; related to conditions
ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - Answer-persistent
hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - Answer-stroke, ischemia, heart
failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
, what is preload? - Answer-volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
what is afterload? - Answer-peripheral resistance against which the left ventricle must
pump
hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - Answer-overwork left ventricle due to increase pressure;
decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? - Answer-form of coagulative necrosis;
interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene - Answer-dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? - Answer-removing affective tissue
to prevent infection; treating problem that led to gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? - Answer-to slow bacterial damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? - Answer-Coagulative and liquifactive
What is coagulative necrosis? - Answer-necrosis caused y interruption of blood flow l/t
desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
what is liquifactive necrosis? - Answer-Caustic enzymes dissolve and liquify necrotic
cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
Describe dry gangrene - Answer-hypoxia l/t ischemia l/t last of blood flow l/t coagulative
necrosis
Describe wet gangrene - Answer-extensive damage from bacteria with WBC's that have
invaided site produces a liquid wound
describe gas gangrene - Answer-Presence of clostridium (aerobic bacteria) releases
toxins and destroy surrounding cell. Most fatal.
Colon cancer inherited vs genetic - Answer-Colon CA inherited- occurs on gremline
Colon CA genetic occurs on somatic cells
Describe FAP - familial adenomatous polyposis - Answer-Gene defect on chromosome
1 or 5; involves tumor suppressor genes, hereditary condition
Describe HNPCC - hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal CA - Answer-AKA Lynch
syndrome; genetic condition; impair DNA mismatch repair
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