Patho Exam 4 Modules | Questions with Verified Answers
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Patho
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Patho
Patho Exam 4 Modules | Questions with Verified Answers In which layer of the arterial wall can an atheroma form? A. Tunica externa B. Tunica musculara C. Tunica intima D. Tunica media Which substance contains the most cholesterol? A. VLDL B. HDL C. LDL D. Chylomicron Which type of cell is associ...
In which layer of the arterial wall can an atheroma form?
A. Tunica externa
B. Tunica musculara
C. Tunica intima
D. Tunica media
Which substance contains the most cholesterol?
A. VLDL
B. HDL
C. LDL
D. Chylomicron
Which type of cell is associated with endothelial injury related to cholesterol?
a. Red blood cells
b. Macrophages
c. Platelets
d. Smooth muscle cells
Which statement explains how cholesterol is processed in the body?
A. The capillaries in the digestive tract transports dietary cholesterol to the cells. Low-
density lipoproteins (LDLs) move cholesterol from the cells to the liver for processing
into high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The HDL moves cholesterol in the blood
back to the cells, where it accumulates as fat deposits inside the blood vessels.
B. Dietary fat is processed in the liver into HDL and LDL. The LDL cholesterol is
transported to cells in the body. HDL transports cholesterol back to the liver for
reprocessing and excretion as bile salts. Excess cholesterol in the blood accumulates
as plaques in the vessel walls.
Mr. D. is 60 years old with a body mass index (BMI) of 32. He comes to the emergency
department (ED) with severe chest pain radiating down his left arm. He is sweating,
grasping his chest in pain, and complaining of nausea. He says the pain started early
this morning, around 7 a.m.; it is now noon. He said he was mowing the lawn when the
pain began, so he rested for a while. The pain did not subside. Mr. D.'s blood pressure
is 180/100 mm Hg, pulse is 124, respirations are 20 breaths per minute, and
temperature is 98.6°F. He has a medical history of coronary artery disease and diabetes
, mellitus. He smokes two packs of cigarettes per day, enjoys eating fried foods, and
does not adhere to any nutritional guidelines. He does not exercise, and his job mostly
involves sitting at a desk. Mr. D. is diagnosed with myocardial infarction from
atherosclerosis. What makes up the plaque in Mr. D.'s arteries made of? Select all that
apply.
Lipid debris
Collagen
Blood cells
Fibrous cap
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Which processes in the blood vessel precede an atheroma rupture?
a. Cholesterol builds up in the blood vessel, causing accumulation of blood clots and
slowing blood flow.
b. The blood vessel wall narrows from lipoproteins, allowing plaque to dissolve into the
blood and thrombus formation.
c. A blood vessel wall injury allows lipoprotein infiltration and monocytes migration,
causing buildup and protrusion of fatty streaks into the blood vessel.
d. Plaque in the blood allows vessel walls to thicken with lipid debris and causes
thrombus formation.
Mr. D. is 60 years old with a body mass index (BMI) of 32. He comes to the emergency
department (ED) with severe chest pain radiating down his left arm. He is sweating,
grasping his chest in pain, and complaining of nausea. He says the pain started early
this morning, around 7 a.m.; it is now noon. He said he was mowing the lawn when the
pain began, so he rested for a while. The pain did not subside.Mr. D.'s blood pressure is
180/100 mm Hg, pulse is 124, respirations are 20 breaths per minute, and temperature
is 98.6°F. He has a medical history of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. He
smokes two packs of cigarettes per day, enjoys eating fried foods, and does not adhere
to any nutritional guidelines. He does not exercise, and his job mostly involves sitting at
a desk. Mr. D. is diagnosed with myocardial infarction from atherosclerosis.When Mr.
D.'s blood work returns, the nurse notes abnormal cholesterol levels. What imbalance
would you expect to see?
a. High levels of HDL and LDL
b. High levels of HDL and low levels of LDL
c. Low levels of LDL and high levels of HDL
d. Low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL
What results from the abnormal production of renin?
a. Increased sodium in the bloodstream
b. Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
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