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VCU HPEX 353 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
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VCU HPEX 353 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
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VCU HPEX 353 Exam 2 Questions With Complete SolutionsAcute & Chronic Headache Correct Answer DESCRIPTION:
Diffuse pain occurring in any portion of the head
• Unknown etiology (physical or emotional stress?)
• 3 types:
• Primary (tension, migraine and cluster)
• Secondary (occur because of some underlying structural
problem)
• Other (cranial neuralgias, facial pain and other headaches)
SYMPTOMS:
• Dull and aching or acute
and pounding
• Intermittent or intense
• Front, sides or back
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
• History of recurrent headaches
• Quantity, quality and duration
• Neurological testing
TREATMENTS:
• Analgesics
• Muscle relaxants and minor tranquilizers may
be prescribed
Alzheimer Disease Correct Answer DESCRIPTION:
Progressive, chronic, ultimately fatal, brain syndrome associated
with the death of neurons in the cerebral cortex
• Acetylcholine production is reduced, resulting in progressive
memory impairment
• Unknown etiology (hereditary? autoimmune? head trauma?)
SYMPTOMS:
,• Memory loss (progressive)
• Depression
• Agitation and irritability
• Emotionally detachment
• Sleep disturbances
• Deterioration of intellectual ability
• Deterioration of physical ability
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
• Mental and functional health
• Cranial CT and MIR
• PET scan
• Depression scale
TREATMENT:
• Cholinesterase inhibitors
• Memantine
Angina Pectoris Correct Answer DESCRIPTION:
Uncomfortable squeezing, pressure or pain in the chest resulting
from ischemia to a part of the myocardium.
• Three forms
• Atherosclerosis/susceptible individuals
SYMPTOMS:
• Burning, squeezing and chest tightness
• Radiation to the neck, shoulder, bladder
and left arm.
• Women, abdominal and back pain
• Nausea, vomiting
• Average 3 min (<15 min)
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
• ECG
• Stress test
,• MRA (magnetic angiogram)
• Cardiac catheterization
TREATMENT:
• Lifestyle changes
• Medication
• Percutaneous coronary
intervention (PCI)
• Minimal invasive surgery
• Laser angioplasty
• Atherectomy
• Coronary artery bypass
graft surgery
Aortic stenosis & insufficiency Correct Answer
DESCRIPTION: Blood flow back into the LV (insufficiency) or
obstruction and
increased ventricular pressure (stenosis).
• Congenital, calcium buildup, rheumatic fever.
SYMPTOMS:
*Asymptomatic
• Orthopnea, dyspnea and fatigue
• Palpitations
• Peripheral edema
• Dyspnea, syncope & fatigue
• Angina
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS:
• Diastolic murmur (in
insufficiency) and systolic
murmur (in stenosis).
• Chest X ray
• ECG
, • Cardiac catheterization.
TREATMENT:
• Percutaneous ballon valvuloplasty
• Valve replacement
COMPLICATIONS:
• Arrhythmia,
• LV failure, cardiac failure, ventricular fibrillation
• involuntary quivering of the heart muscle fibers.
Arteries Correct Answer take blood from the heart
Atherosclerosis Correct Answer DESCRIPTION: Thickening
of the walls of small arteries and arterioles with a
resulting loss of elasticity.
• Most common in coronary and cerebral arteries.
• Unclear etiology (life style).
SYMPTOMS:
• Asymptomatic.
• If symptomatic:
o Claudication
o Bruits
o Headache
o Dizziness
o Muscle cramping
o Ischemia
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
• Blood test for high lipid panel
• Doppler ultrasound for blockage
• Ankle-brachial index
• ECG
• Angiogram
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