Exam (elaborations)
PNC - FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Exam of 33 pages for the course PNC 100 at PNC 100 (PNC - FINAL EXAM)
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PNC - FINAL EXAM1. Well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge
2. Strong service orientation
3. Recognized authority by a professional group
4. Code of ethics
5. Professional organization that sets standards
6. Ongoing research
7. Autonomy and self-regulation - answerNote the seven characteristics that qualify an
occupation as a profession.
Standard 1. Assessment
Standard 2. Diagnosis
Standard 3. Outcomes Identification
Standard 4. Planning
Standard 5. Implementation
Standard 5a. Coordination of Care
Standard 5b. Health Teaching and Promotion
Standard 5c. Consultation
Standard 5d. Prescriptive Authority and Treatment
Standard 6. Evaluation
Standard 7. Ethics
Standard 8. Education
Standard 9. Evidence-Based Practice and Research
Standard 10. Quality of Practice
Standard 11. Communication
Standard 12. Leadership
Standard 13. Collaboration
Standard 14. Professional Practice Evaluation
Standard 15. Resource Utilization
Standard 16. Environmental Health
Standard 17. Collegiality - answerList the 17 aspects that comprise the ANA Code of
Ethics and Scope of Practice Standards.
1. The state practice act must permit delegation and outline the authorized task(s) to be
delegated or authorize the RN to decide delegation.
2. The person making the delegation has the appropriate qualifications
,3. The person receiving the delegation must have the appropriate qualifications -
answerThere are three criteria to be considered by the RN when deciding to delegate
care activities. List these criteria.
1. The initial and ongoing nursing assessment of the patient and the patient's nursing
care needs
2. The determination of the nursing diagnosis, nursing care plan, evaluation of the
patient's progress in relation to the care plan, and evaluation of the nursing care
delivered to the patient
3. The supervision and education of nursing personnel; patient teaching that requires an
assessment of the patient and the patient's education needs
4. Any other nursing intervention that requires professional nursing knowledge,
judgment, and/or skill - answerNote nursing care or tasks that should never be
delegated except to another RN.
1. Right task
2. Right circumstances
3. Right person
4. Right direction/communication
5. Right supervision - answerWhat are the Five Rights of Delegation?
Systematic:
--Each nursing activity is part of an ordered sequence of activities.
Dynamic:
--There is great interaction and overlapping among the five steps.
Interpersonal:
--The nursing process ensures that nurses are person centered rather than task
centered
Outcome Oriented:
--The patient benefits from continuity of care, and each nurse's care moves the patient
closer to outcome achievement.
Universally Applicable in Nursing Situations:
--When nurses have a working knowledge of the nursing process, they find that they
can practice nursing with well or ill people, young or old, in any type of practice setting. -
answerDescribe the 5 Characteristics of the Nursing Process.
Assessing - answerA term for the collection, validation, and communication of patient
data
,Diagnosing - answerA term for the analysis of patient data to identify patient strengths
and health problems that independent nursing intervention can prevent or resolve
Outcome Identification and Planning - answerTerms for the specification of (1) patient
outcomes to prevent, reduce, or resolve the problems identified in the nursing
diagnoses; and (2) related nursing interventions
Implementing - answerA term for carrying out the plan of care
Evaluating - answerA term for measuring the extent to which the patient has achieved
the outcomes specified in the plan of care; identifying factors that positively or
negatively influenced outcome achievement; revising the plan of care if necessary
As two-part statements listing the patient's problem and it's etiology
-OR-
Three-part statements that also include the problem, it's etiology, and defining
characteristics - answerHow are most nursing diagnoses written?
Phrase the nursing diagnosis as a patient problem or alteration in health state rather
than as a patient need.
Check to make sure that the patient problem precedes the etiology and that the two are
linked by the phrase "related to."
Defining characteristics, when included in the nursing diagnosis, should follow the
etiology and be linked by the phrase "as manifested by" or "as evidenced by."
Write in legally advisable terms.
Use nonjudgmental language.
Be sure the problem statement indicates what is unhealthy about the patient or what the
patient wants to change (enhance).
Avoid using defining characteristics, medical diagnoses, or something that cannot be
changed in the problem statement. - answerNote considerations to utilize when forming
nursing diagnoses.
Actual
Risk
Possible
Wellness
Syndrome - answerNote the five types of nursing diagnoses.
, Actual Nursing Diagnoses - answerThese nursing diagnoses represent problems that
have been validated by the presence of major defining characteristics. This type of
nursing diagnosis has four components: label, definition, defining characteristics, and
related factor.
Risk Nursing Diagnoses - answerThese nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments that a
person, family, or community is more vulnerable to develop the problem than others in
the same or similar situation.
Possible Nursing Diagnoses - answerThese nursing diagnoses are statements
describing a suspected problem for which additional data are needed. Additional data
are used to confirm or rule out the suspected problem.
Wellness Diagnoses - answerThese nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a
person, group, or community in transition from a specific level of wellness to a higher
level of wellness. These diagnoses are often more applicable in nursing settings that
deal primarily with healthy patients. The diagnostic statement is a one-part statement
that contains the label Readiness for Enhanced, followed by the desired higher-level
wellness.
1. A desire for a higher level of wellness
2. An effective present status or function - answerWhat two cues must be present for a
valid wellness diagnosis?
Syndrome Nursing Diagnoses - answerThese nursing diagnoses comprise a cluster of
actual or risk nursing diagnoses that are predicted to be present because of a certain
event or situation.
Utilitarian. - answerWhat ethical form is described as:
The rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action.
Deontologic - answerWhat ethical form is described as:
An action is right or wrong based on a rule, independent of its consequences.
1. It is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every individual who
enters the nursing profession.
2. It is the profession's nonnegotiable ethical standard.
3. It is an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society. -
answerThe Code of Ethics for Nurses serves the following purposes:
1. Nurses and People
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