Dry eyes - answerA relatively common syndrome that affects a significant portion of the
US, especially those older than 40, and may be more prevalent in Asian and Hispanic
population's.
Characterized by in adequate tear production
Dry eye causes - answerOne. Mechanical abnormalities that interfere with this bread or
maintenance of tears over the eyeball surface
Two. Lacrimal gland malfunction
Three. Mucin deficiency
Differential diagnosis of dry eye - answerConjunctivitis
Blepharitis
Contact lens complications
Exopthalmos
Extropion
Bell's palsy
Medicamentosa
Sjögren's syndrome
Age related changes
Hormonal changes
Systemic vitamin a deficiency
Dragon action
Epiphoria - answerExcessive tearing that is often the case of paradoxical tearing or a
response to dry eye
Differential diagnosis of Epiphoria includes - answerAllergens
Dry eye syndrome
Viral or bacterial conjunctivitis
Blocked lacrimal duct
Ectropion
Trauma as in foreign body or corneal abrasion
Environmental pollutants
Glaucoma
Eye pain - answerThe most important thing for the clinician to know in the case of a pain
in and dealing with my problems in general is one to refer the patient to an
ophthalmologist
, Differential diagnosis of a pain - answerReferred pain ( trauma, headache, sinusitus,
temporomandibular disorders, herpes zoster opthalmicus, postherpetic neuralgia,
tumors, stroke, trigeminal neuralgia)
Eyelid disorders (Hordeolum, trauma, blepharitis)
Conjunctivitis, corneal abrasion's, ulcerations, foreign body, ultraviolet light over
exposure, overuse of contact lens, or computer use
Pain with swelling(orbital cellulitis)
Pain with eye-movement(scleritis, episcleritis)
Deep pain (Uveitis, glaucoma close para
Conditions requiring immediate referral to an ophthalmologist - answerSevere in sudden
vision loss or sudden severe nontraumatic eye pain. Ox exam :
Corneal ulcer ration
Suspected herpes zoster opthalmicus
Hazy cornea
Irregular people
Elevation of fundus on funduscopic exam
Papilledema
Limbal flush
Muscle paresis
Management issues:
Conditions requiring steroid therapy
Patient not improving with conservative therapy
Red eye - answerA common ophthalmic problem encountered in the cute and primary
settings. Some conditions are benign; others may threaten vision and required
immediate attention of an ophthalmologist
Differential diagnosis of red eye includes - answerConjunctivitis
Hordeolum (stye)
Glaucoma
Iritis
Corneal abrasion's
Dry eyes, keratitis sicca
Sub conjunctival hemorrhage
Floaters - answerDifferential diagnosis of impaired vision includes
Refractive error's
Cataracs
Glaucoma
Diabetic retinopathy
Macular degeneration
Retina detachment
Vitreous hemorrhage
Central retinal artery or vein occlusion
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