GI Disorders - Final Exam Questions with Latest Update
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Course
Gastroenterology
Institution
Gastroenterology
Common Diagnostic Tests for GI - Answer-• Upper GI series (series of x-rays taken with contrast
medium like barium)
- Can ID tumors, ulcerations, varices, obstructions or
abnormalities in esophagus, stomach and duodenum
• Lower GI series (series of x-rays taken utilizing contrast
medi...
GI Disorders - Final Exam Questions
with Latest Update
Common Diagnostic Tests for GI - Answer-• Upper GI series (series of x-rays taken with
contrast
medium like barium)
- Can ID tumors, ulcerations, varices, obstructions or
abnormalities in esophagus, stomach and duodenum
• Lower GI series (series of x-rays taken utilizing contrast
medium given via barium enema)
- Visualizes anatomic abnormalities, polyps, ulcers, tumors,
Crohn's disease, fistulas, or diverticula
• Nursing care
- Clear liquid diet day before test
- Mag citrate or other bowel prep night before the test
- NPO after midnight
- Cleansing enema may be ordered before test
• Upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy
- fiberoptic device to visualize GI tract and take biopsies
- Patient NPO until able to swallow after upper GI
• Ultrasounds
• CTs and MRIs
• Gastric analysis (mainly for Ph monitoring)
Common Nursing Procedures (NG Tubes) - Answer-• NG tubes (review fundamental
procedures for insertion)
- Used most often for decompression
- X-ray verification before use for feedings or administering meds
- Most accurate check of placement prior to each use is checking pH of aspirate (should
be < 5.0)
- HOWEVER: Most commonly checked by instilling air in tube and auscultating with
stethoscope (Why is this dangerous?)
- Oral and nasal care important*******
- Tube patency should be checked every 4 hours or follow agency policy (irrigate tube
with 20 ml of normal saline)
, Common Nursing Procedures (Enteral Feedings) (Types) - Answer-• Enteral feedings
(bypass mouth to deliver nutrients to the GI system)
- Used for people who are unable to eat on their own (due to coma, oropharyngeal
surgery, cancer, anatomical abnormalities, difficulty with swallowing, or obstruction)
- Types
○NG-tubes (why should you be careful using this for feedings?)
○Gastrostomy tubes (G-tube)
○J-tubes
○Naso-jejunostomy tubes (weighted tips)
Common Nursing Procedures (Enteral Feedings) (Nursing Care) - Answer-• Checking
proper placement
• Place client in high fowler's during feeding and immediately after for at least 30
minutes (why?????)
• Feeding should be at room temperature and on a pump if not a bolus feeding.
• Clamp tube when applying syringe or bag so air does not get into the stomach
• Give bolus feeding slowly
• Flush with water to prevent blockage
• How do you administer meds through tubing?????? All at once
a big NO NO why??????????
• Diarrhea (feeding too fast or contamination of formula)
• Dehydration is a risk why????????
Obesity (General) - Answer-• Abnormal increase in the proportion of fat cells.
• Biggest health problem of modern society
• 65% of Americans over age 20 are overweight or Obese
Obesity (Etiology) - Answer-• Etiology
- Caused by excess of body fat (BMI not accurate for body builders or pregnant women)
○BMI< 18.5 kg/m^2 is considered underweight
○BMI 18.5-25 is considered normal
○BMI of 25-30 considered overweight
○BMI>30 considered obese
○BMI > 40 considered morbidly obese
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