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HPEX 358 Final Questions with Correct Answers
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HPEX 358 Final Questions with Correct Answers
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HPEX 358 Final Questions with Correct AnswersWhat are the categories of epidemiological studies? Correct Answer-
Case-control
Cohort
Ecologic
Intervention studies
What is an Observational Study Design? Correct Answer-- no control
over the exposure factor
- Unable to assign subjects randomly to study conditions
What is an Experimental/ Interventional Study Design? Correct
Answer-- Controls who is exposed to a factor of interest
- Assigns subjects randomly to study groups
What is the definition of a Cross-Sectional Analytic Study? Correct
Answer-examines the relationship between diseases and variables of
interest. (exists in a defined population at one particular time)
What is an example of a Cross-Sectional Analytic Study? Correct
Answer-Surveys
In a defined population → gather data on exposure and disease →
exposed and have disease, exposed and do not have disease, not exposed
have not have disease, or not exposed and do have disease
,What is the measure of association for a Cross-Sectional Analytic
Study? Correct Answer-prevalence ratio
What is the definition of a Case-Control Study? Correct Answer-subjects
are defined on the basis of the presence or absence of an outcome of
interest
What are the examples of a Case-Control Study? Correct Answer-cases-
individuals who have the outcome or disease of interest
controls- individuals without the outcome or disease of interest
What are the measures of association for a Case-Control Study? Correct
Answer-odds ratio (the ratio of odds in favor of exposure among cases to
odds in favor of exposure among controls)
What are the advantages of a Case-Control Study? Correct Answer--
Can be used to study low-prevalence conditions
- Relatively quick and easy to complete
- Usually inexpensive
- Involve a smaller number of subjects
What are the disadvantages of a Case-Control Study? Correct Answer--
Measurement of exposure may be inaccurate
- Representativeness of cases and controls may be unknown
- Provide indirect estimates of risk
, - The temporal relationship between exposure and outcome cannot
always be ascertained
What is the definition of a Cohort Study? Correct Answer-tracks the
incidence of a specific disease (or other outcomes) overtime
What are the three kinds of Cohort Studies? Correct Answer--
prospective
- retrospective
- historical
What is a prospective cohort study? Correct Answer-***longitudinal
study design
- Subjects are classified according to their exposure to a factor of interest
and then are observed over time to document the occurrence of new
cases (incidence) of disease or other health events
***looks into the future
What is a retrospective cohort study? Correct Answer-- Makes use of
historical data to determine exposure level at some baseline in the past;
follow-up is performed for subsequent occurrences of disease between
baseline and present
*** looks into the past
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