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FSC100 Quiz 5 – Questions & Complete Solutions
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FSC100 Quiz 5 – Questions & Complete Solutions
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FSC100 Quiz 5 – Questions & Complete SolutionsTrace evidence Right Ans - physical evidence found at a crime scene such
as hairs, fibres, glass, soil, paint, etc.
Individualization Right Ans - DNA, mtDNA
Class comparison Right Ans - hair treatment, part of body, biogeographical
affiliation.
Locards principle of exchange supports the following Right Ans - traces of
the victim and the scene will be carried away by the perpetrator, traces of the
perpetrator will remain on the victim and the victim may leave traces of
himself or herself on the perpetrator, traces of the perpetrator will be left at
the scene.
Even if trace evidence cannot be positively identified as having originated
from a sole source to the exclusion of all others Right Ans - it can still
corroborate other types of evidence and create linkages between the suspect
to the crime or to the victim, to a specific item, or link the victim to the scene
ABFO scale- Right Ans - is a photographic scale designed by the American
Board of Forensic Odontology that is used to ensure accurate depiction of
injuries and other physical evidence.
Microscopic examinations coupled with DNA analysis can link human hairs to
the originating individual. Can find the difference between human and animal
hair. Right Ans - Human hair can reveal race, portion of the body from
where the hair came from, and the colour of the hair. Other analysis can
determine whether the hair was forcibly removed. Arm and leg hair don't
have enough characteristics for comparison. When gathering control samples
for the lab 50 full length hairs should be collected and 12 pubic hairs should
be collected. ( identification and exclusion).
Use ALS to locate hair Right Ans - sketches and photography to indicate
location, pics with and without ABFO scale, microscope photography, all
require full labelling.
Question sample Right Ans - in bindles
,Control sample Right Ans - in bindles
Cross-transference of fibres Right Ans - can occur in virtually every crime
scene.
There are two broad groups of fibres Right Ans - man-made and natural.
Natural fibres Right Ans - are derived from animals, this includes wool,
mohair/cashmere, and fur. The most prevalent plant fibre is cotton. Fibre
cannot be directly linked to an individual but all fibres at a crime scene should
be collected.
Man-made fibres Right Ans - include rayon and nylon- or synthetics. The
best thing to do is match torn edges of cloth together- this is how evidence
becomes individual evidence instead of class evidence. Alternate light should
make fibres visible.
Fibres are important Right Ans - because of Locard principle.
Fibre collection- Right Ans - locate, photograph and sketch immediately,
collect with forceps, pickups, tweezers, recovery tape.
Inserting paper evidence Right Ans - in between fibres prevents cross-
contamination.
Most of the time glass is too fragmented to provide identification. Glass
fragment yields mostly class characteristics - not individual. Right Ans -
However, an adequate sample may provide the possibility for the forensic
scientist to individualize fragments to a common source.
Glass characteristics- Right Ans - colour, thickness, density, refractive
index( how glass bends light), composition.
Glass collection Right Ans - same as trace evidence.
Radical fractures Right Ans - spread out like spokes from the centre of a
wheel
, Concentric fractures- Right Ans - encircle the hole or point of impact.
It is not possible to accurately determine the size or circumstance of the
projectile because Right Ans - the angle of impact can distort the size
Soil can be different colours and could provide a link between the suspect,
vehicle, and the scene. Right Ans - Collect control samples. Usually only the
top-surface level of soil will be picked up. EPA- certified sterile containers
should be used to collect soil. Documentation must contain exact location
where samples and controls collected.
Soil formed by Right Ans - climate, relief ( elevation, slope, orientation of
terrain), parent material ( decomposition of plants and animals, minerals) Soil
is unique and portable
Gunshot residue may remain on the hand 6 hrs after firing Right Ans -
Gunshot residue tests are often negative but CSI should take the time to swab
the hands of suspects and victims
GSR - Right Ans - consists of chemical products, causes a controlled
explosion to propel the ordinance, explosion releases chemical compounds,
gases, unburned gun powder ( blowback). variable. many false negatives and
false positives, indicates someone was shooting a gun, estimating the range of
fire- contact, close, intermediate, distance.
Collection of GSR- Right Ans - documentation, nitric acid solution, bag
hands of victim.
Impression evidence- Right Ans - fingerprints, palmprints, nose/ear prints,
toolmarks, footwear, and tire impressions. created when two objects come
into contact with enough force to deform each other- generally one softer and
one harder object, harder object will imprint on the softer - ex- shoe in dirt.
Importance of impression evidence Right Ans - can be individualizing and
can contain trace evidence.
It is possible to match an impression left at a crime scene Right Ans - with
the footwear of a suspect.
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