(D398) HLTH 2422 Introduction to Pharmacology - OA Readiness Exam Q & S 2024(D398) HLTH 2422 Introduction to Pharmacology - OA Readiness Exam Q & S 2024(D398) HLTH 2422 Introduction to Pharmacology - OA Readiness Exam Q & S 2024
,1. Which pharmacokinetic parameter is primarily
responsible for the rate at which a drug reaches systemic
circulation?
- A) Clearance
- B) Volume of Distribution
- C) Bioavailability
- D) Half-Life
Answer: C) Bioavailability
Rationale: Bioavailability refers to the fraction of an
administered dose of an unchanged drug that reaches the
systemic circulation, indicating the rate and extent of drug
absorption.
2. Which phase of clinical drug trials primarily assesses the
safety and pharmacokinetics of a drug in healthy
volunteers?
- A) Phase I
- B) Phase II
- C) Phase III
- D) Phase IV
Answer: A) Phase I
Rationale: Phase I trials are conducted to assess the
safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and
pharmacodynamics of a drug in a small group of healthy
individuals.
, - B) Metabolism
- C) Distribution
- D) Excretion
Answer: B) Metabolism
Rationale: Liver impairment predominantly affects drug
metabolism, as the liver is the primary site for metabolic
conversion of drugs.
4. Which type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs
with similar actions increase the effect of each other?
- A) Antagonistic
- B) Synergistic
- C) Additive
- D) Potentiation
Answer: C) Additive
Rationale: An additive interaction occurs when two
drugs with similar pharmacologic effects produce an effect
equal to the sum of their individual effects.
5. In the context of pharmacodynamics, the term "efficacy"
refers to:
- A) The maximum effect a drug can produce
- B) The concentration required to achieve half the
maximum effect
- C) The highest concentration achieved with a standard
dose
- D) The minimum toxic concentration
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