Exam (elaborations)
Gonzalez Pharm Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
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- Pharm
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- Jersey College Of Nursing
Gonzalez Pharm Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
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Gonzalez Pharm Exam 2 Questions With CompleteSolutions
How are beta blockers and ACEi helpful for an MI? Correct
Answer Used after the acute episode has occurred. We are
trying to decrease mortality by inhibiting the sympathetic
response and prevent remodeling that happens after a heart
attack.
How are thromobolytics helpful for an MI? Correct Answer
Can break down clots.
How do angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) work? Correct
Answer They allow angiotensin I to be converted to angiotensin
II but prevent angiotensin II from attaching to receptors.
Therefore they block vasoconstriction and the release of
aldosterone.
How do anticholinergic drugs work? Correct Answer They
block or inhibit the actions of acetylcholine (ACh) in the
parasympathetic nervous system.
How do cholinergic drugs affect different parts of the body?
Correct Answer Stimulate intestine and bladder, stimulate
pupils to constrict which reduces intraocular pressure, increase
salivation and sweating, and decrease HR.
How do direct-acting sympathomimetics work? Correct Answer
Bind directly to a receptor and cause a physiological response
,How do diuretics work to treat hypertension? Correct Answer
They decrease plasma and extracellular fluid volumes by
making the kidneys produce more urine.
How do indirect-acting sympathomimetics? Correct Answer
Cause release of catecholamines from storage sites which bind
to receptors and cause a physiologic response
How do mixed-acting sympathomimetics work? Correct
Answer Directly stimulates receptor by binding to it and also
indirectly stimulates the receptor by cause the release of
catecholamines which will bind to the receptor
How do you treat heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
Correct Answer Stop the infusion immediately. Switch
treatment to argatroban instead.
How does stimulation of alpha-2 receptors cause an inhibitory
response? Correct Answer They inhibit the release of
norepinephrine at the presynaptic adrenergic neuron terminals.
How is adenosine (Adenocard) administered? Correct Answer
Only administered as a fast IV push. Use 2 nurses and use the
port closest to the patient. Have the patient lift arm. Have second
nurse ready on the second port to flush immediately. Warn the
patient that they will feel discomfort in their chest. Monitor
patient to make sure heartbeat comes back after brief period of
systole.
How is aspirin helpful for an MI? Correct Answer Prevents
white clot from forming by giving an anti platelet (prevents
aggregation of platelets)
,How is clopidogrel (Plavix) helpful for an MI? Correct Answer
It inhibits platelets by making them less sticky
How is dopamine administered? Correct Answer Dose
dependent on IV infusion pump, should use a central line over a
peripheral line
How is heparin helpful for an MI? Correct Answer It is an
anticoagulant that can prevent clots.
How is interventional radiology (IVR) helpful for an MI?
Correct Answer It can destroy or remove the clot in STEMIs.
How is morphine helpful for an MI? Correct Answer To
manage the chest pain so that the patient doesn't get anxious,
which would make the heart worse.
How is nitroglycerin helpful for an MI? Correct Answer Opens
up obstructed vessel as long as other vessels (coronary vessels),
enhancing collateral circulation?
How should a nurse monitor the effectiveness of bethanechol
(Urecholine)? Correct Answer By monitoring I&O's
How should heparin be administered for treatment vs.
prophylaxis of clots? Correct Answer Prophylaxis: subQ.
Treatment: IV
In which organs can alpha-1 receptors be found? Correct
Answer In all sympathetic organs except the heart
, What are adverse effects of alpha-1 blockers? Correct Answer
Hypotension, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension. Monitor for
first dose phenomenon (profound hypotension and syncope 2-6
hours after first dose).
What are adverse effects of ARBs? Correct Answer
Hypotension, dizziness. Hyperkalemia is less likely than with
ACEi.
What are adverse effects of beta blockers? Correct Answer
Bradycardia, hypotension, AV block, dizziness, bronchospasm
(for nonselective beta blockers), hypoglycemia that cannot be
detected through symptoms (for nonselective beta blockers)
What are adverse effects of CCBs? Correct Answer
Hypotension, bradycardia (only with non DHP), orthostatic
hypotension, edema (because vasodilation causes pooling in the
lower extremities; this pooling also causes decreased perfusion
to the kidneys, which activates the RAAS system, also leading
to more edema), heart failure (non DHP reduces contractility,
which makes HF worse).
What are adverse effects of cholinergic drugs? Correct Answer
Bradycardia, hypotension, syncope, conduction, abnormalities
(AV block and cardiac arrest), dizziness, bronchospasms,
increased glandular secretions
What are adverse effects of niacin? Correct Answer Flushing
that is caused by histamine release (we tell patients to take an
aspirin before taking the medication or start with low dose and
then gradually increase to prevent this) and rhabdomyolysis
when taken with a statin.
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