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Psych 100 - Final Exam: Multiple Choice Questions With Complete Solutions
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Psych 100 - Final Exam: Multiple Choice Questions With Complete Solutions
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Psych 100 - Final Exam: Multiple Choice Questions WithComplete Solutions
"Artificial intelligence" Correct Answer A branch of computer
science that investigates the extent to which machines can
simulate or duplicate the intelligent behavior of living
organisms.
Alfred Adler Correct Answer An early follower of Freud who
left the Freudian camp and created his own theory of
personality, which emphasized the conscious mind and the
individual creation of a worldview, guiding fictions, and a
lifestyle in order to overcome feelings of inferiority and to seek
perfection.
Anna Freud Correct Answer Became the official spokesperson
for psychoanalysis after her father's death. In addition to
perpetuating traditional psychoanalytic concepts, she extended
them into new areas such as child psychology, education, and
child rearing. By elaborating on autonomous ego functions, she
encouraged the development of ego psychology.
approach-approach conflict Correct Answer occurs when a
person is attracted to two goals at the same time, such as
needing to choose from two movies you want to see at the same
cinema or between two excellent graduate programs after being
accepted by both.
approach-avoidance conflict Correct Answer is often the most
difficult to resolve because it involves only one goal about
,which one has mixed feelings, such as when having a steak is an
appealing idea, but it is the most expensive item on the menu
Aristotelian conception of science Correct Answer His view of
nature, which emphasizes inner essences and categories
Auguste Liebault Correct Answer Founder of the Nancy school
of hypnotism: a group of physicians who believed that because
all humans are suggestible, all humans can be hypnotized.
avoidance-avoidance conflict Correct Answer occurs when a
person is repelled by two unattractive goals at the same time,
such as when one must get a job or not.
Basic and applied psychology Correct Answer Note that no
early psychologist argued for applied psychology instead of
pure, scientific psychology. These psychologists knew the
struggle that psychology had had in differentiating itself from
philosophy and religion, and they believed that anything in
psychology worth applying came from its scientific base. For
them, and for scientifi cally oriented psychologists ever since,
science came first and applications came second.
Benjamin Rush Correct Answer Often called the first US
psychiatrist. He advocated the humane treatment of people with
mental illness but still clung to some earlier treatments, such as
bloodletting and the use of rotating chairs.
Boulder model of clinical psychology Correct Answer upheld
that clinicians should obtain the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in
, psychology, which meant that they were trained in research
methodology as any other psychologist was.
Cell assembly Correct Answer According to Hebb, a system of
interrelated neurons that reflects recurring environmental events.
When stimulated, cell assemblies cause ideas of those events.
Classical conditioning Correct Answer 1) response behavior is
elicited by the onset of the UCS, which naturally and inevitably
produces it (reflexive-involuntary) 2) Organism responds to its
environment in a fairly passive manner...respondent
conditioning 3) reinforcer (meat powder) is presented before the
response to be conditioned, and is therefore associated with the
stimulus (CS) 4) The conditioning process occurs as a result of
paired associations of the CS and the UCS, which make the
"initially neutral" CS capable of eliciting the same response as
the UCS. 5) The CS and the UCS be presented in close temporal
contiguity for the process of conditioning to be effective in the
general case
Cognitive science Correct Answer An interdisciplinary
approach to studying the mind and mental processes that
combines aspects of cognitive psychology, philosophy, artificial
intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and computer science.
Connectionism Correct Answer The most recent type of AI that
utilizes artificial systems of neurons called neural networks. As
contrasted with GOFAI (good old-fashioned artificial
intelligence), which employed the sequential processing of
information according to specified rules, new connectionism
employs the brain as a model. That is, the processing of
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