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Csmls|400+ Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions Latest Updated 2024 Already Passed!!!
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Csmls|400+ Questions And AnswersWith Verified Solutions Latest Updated
2024 Already Passed!!!
Hemostatic plug formation - ANSWER✔✔ -injury = activator substances
-subendothelium exposed
-vasoconstriction
-platelet adhesion to subendothelium
-platelet aggregation = temporary plug
-extrinsic=fibrin formation,
secondary plt aggregation
intrinsic = fibrin formation
-platelet retraction = hemostatic plug
-fibrinolysis/natural anticoagulants
vascular hemostasis - ANSWER✔✔ -muscular: immediate nervous response
-humoral: delayed; release of vasoconstrictors = secretes endothelin (=smooth
muscle contraction)
activator substances in hemostasis: - ANSWER✔✔ -tissue thromboplastin (factor
III)
-tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Lab tests for vascular component of hemostasis: - ANSWER✔✔ -bleeding time,
closure test, capillary fragility test
Test vascular and platelet response
,How does thrombopoiesis differ from other blood cells: - ANSWER✔✔ -
megakaryocytes get larger as they mature
-no cellular division, repeated nuclear divisions (endomitosis)
-platelets are cytoplasmic fragments, lifespan of 8-10 days in circulation
platelet lifespan in circulation - ANSWER✔✔ 8-10 days
Platelet morphology - ANSWER✔✔ -peripheral zone: plasma membrane and
glycocalyx (glycoproteins) - NB in adhesion/aggregation
-sol-gel zone: cytoskeleton and contractile proteins (thrombosthenin, actomyosin) -
NB in plt retraction/shape changes
-organelle zone: canicular system (carries grainular contents to surface)
dense bodies (delta granules: serotonin, vasoactive catecholamines, nucelotides,
calcium, pyrophosphate), alpha granules (translucent: PF3, B-thromboglobulin,
fibrinogen, PDGF, coag factors, albumin, a2-antiplasmin, fibronectin,
thrombospondin, PF4 = antiheparin), dense tubular system (store calcium; nb in plt
retraction and prostaglandin ynth)
PLT dense body contents - ANSWER✔✔ delta granules
-serotonin, vasoactive catecholamines, nucleotides, calcium, pyrophosphate
PLT alpha (translucent) granule contents - ANSWER✔✔ PF3, B-thromboglobulin,
fibrinogen, PDGF, coag factors, albumin, a2-antiplasmin, fibronectin,
thrombospondin, PF-4 (anti-heparin)
PLT sol-gel zone: - ANSWER✔✔ cytoskeletal/contractile proteins
,PF-3 - ANSWER✔✔ platelet phospholipid: accelerates coag factors, participates in
activation of factor X and prothrombin
PF-4 - ANSWER✔✔ glycoprotein inhibits action of heparin.
platelet functions - ANSWER✔✔ -hemostatic: plug formation
-thromboplastic: release chemicals that reinforce vasoconstriction, aggregation,
coag factors. promote growth/healing
Hemostasis sequence - ANSWER✔✔ -plt adhesion
-plt aggregation
-primary aggregation
-secondary aggregation
-platelet retraction
involved in platelet adhesion: - ANSWER✔✔ VWF - binds collagen
GPIb - binds VWF to plt
involved in platelet aggregation: - ANSWER✔✔ GPIIbIIIa - binds plts to
fibrinogen (III)
Fibrinogen (III) - binds GPIIbIIIa between adjacent platelets
Platelet screening tests - ANSWER✔✔ -plt count, closure time, bleeding time,
capillary fragility
, Specific tests for plt function: - ANSWER✔✔ -platelet adhesion, platelet
aggregation, prothrombin consumption time, PF-3 availability, clot retraction
Specific tests to determine cause of thrombocytopenia: - ANSWER✔✔ bone
marrow examination, tests for anti-plt antibody, platelet survival studies
factor I - ANSWER✔✔ fibrinogen
factor II - ANSWER✔✔ prothrombin
factor III - ANSWER✔✔ tissue thromboplastin
factor V - ANSWER✔✔ labile factor
Factor VII - ANSWER✔✔ Stable
VIII - ANSWER✔✔ antihemophilic factor (in complex with VWF)
factor IX - ANSWER✔✔ christmas factor
factor XII - ANSWER✔✔ Hagemen factor
factor XIII - ANSWER✔✔ fibrinase
Enzymes synthesized in liver: - ANSWER✔✔ I, II, V, VII, IX, X, XIII
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