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LING 115 - Final Exam Terms questions n answers
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LING 115 - Final Exam Terms questions n answers
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LING 115 - Final Exam Termsminority language - correct answer ✔✔Less prestige, fewer speakers, less wealthy/powerful, not as well
placed
migrant communities - correct answer ✔✔place where big groups besides local community that speaks
that language
indigenous minority - correct answer ✔✔nobody moved anywhere
- ex: Navajo, Cherokee, Mayan, Basque in Spain (compared to Spanish)
borders shift - correct answer ✔✔were speaker of majority language, but the majority changed
- ex: American Southwest (spanish to english shift)
3 generation effect - correct answer ✔✔1st Generation
survival skills
2nd Generation
bilingual
3rd Generation
language loss
1st generation - correct answer ✔✔survival skills; people there when the majority changed
- Have little majority language, know just enough to get by, lower socioeconomic
2nd generation - correct answer ✔✔bilingual
- Highly proficient bilinguals, code switch often, don't need 2nd language
3rd generation - correct answer ✔✔language loss
, - Don't speak heritage language
Oberwart (1918) - correct answer ✔✔Shifts from Hungary → Austria (speak German)
1st Generation: Hungarians that speak Hungarian, speak German when necessary
2nd generation: Hungarian, can speak German but only if necessary (bilingual)
3rd generation: speak German only; lost Hungarian
PURPOSE: demonstrates 3 Generation Effect ... language death
generation 1.25 - correct answer ✔✔arrived as a teenager
-Mostly 1st generation
-Learn more majority language, survival skills: have to get through high school
- More comfortable in heritage language
generation 1.5 - correct answer ✔✔arrived mid-elementary (~10)
-Did school in heritage language
-Language skills are pretty good, but more difficult
- Risk of academic underachievement
generation 1.75 - correct answer ✔✔arrived 0-5 (mostly 2nd generation)
-Children are not 1st generation
-Grew up in majority environment, had exposure to minority language, at some point only minority
speakers
-Generally speaking highly proficient bilinguals
-Children are Generation 3
language shift - correct answer ✔✔Gradual process of minority language community using only majority
language
demographic factor shift - correct answer ✔✔urban
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